Pseudocontamination of blood components with <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> during quality controls

Ebner, Wolfgang; Meyer, Elisabeth; Schulz-Huotari, Christian; Scholz, Robert; Zilow, G.; Daschner, Franz

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2005.00577.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Delladet was effective against all bacterial isolates on stainless steel and epoxy surfaces, but it was not effective against A. lwoffii, B. cepacia and E. coli on ceramic. That was in parallel with Ebner et al (2005) who reported that B. cepacia was isolated as a contaminant from quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant. Although it disrupts cell membrane and leads to cell lysis and bacterial death (Jennings et al 2015), for the presence of B. cepacia in the water system, using delladet as disinfection is not the most suitable solution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Monitoring and controlling bacteria in pharmaceutical industries water system

Selim

Saeed

Ibrahim

2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Aim This research aimed to monitor pharmaceutical water system by sampling water from all treatment stages, identify bacterial isolates from each phase and determine the most suitable methods to control them. Methods and Results Water samples were collected and examined from pharmaceutical water system in a pharmaceutical factory in Giza, Egypt during 12 months, once per month (from December 2017 to November 2018) from 15 points covering all stages of the treatment process starting from wells, pre‐treatment points; treatment points ending with purified points which are the main source of water used in all pharmaceutical process. In all, 216 water samples were collected and examined, 156 isolates were selected according to morphological characteristics. VITEK system 2 (BioMérieux) was used for identification of all isolates resulting in 24 different identified bacteria. Antibiotic assay test using disc diffusion methods were carried out using seven antibiotics from different groups. Several disinfectants were also examined for efficacy against the isolates to control micro‐organisms in water treatment stage and manufacturing area. The effect of different preservatives (parabens, acids and alcohols) in various pharmaceutical formulas was also tested on bacterial isolates, 63% of formulas were effective against all bacterial isolates. Conclusion Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic, mixture of 0·45% peracetic acid plus 2·2% of hydrogen peroxide (Minncare 1%) was maximally effective disinfectant, and Cronobacter sakazakii was the most resistant micro‐organism against 22·7% of tested preservatives. Significance and Impact of the study Controlling pharmaceutical manufacturing operation from pathogenic bacteria that affect the quality of drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Monitoring and controlling bacteria in pharmaceutical industries water system

Selim

Saeed

Ibrahim

2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…The bactericidal action of the quaternary ammonium compounds has been attributed to the inactivation of energy-producing enzymes, denaturation of essential cell proteins, and disruption of the cell membrane. A pseudo-outbreak of B. cepacia bacteremia was traced to the use of a contaminated quaternary ammonium compound to disinfect the rubber stoppers of blood culture bottles (21).…”

Section: Disinfectantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks Associated with Contaminated Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Weber

Rutala

Sickbert-Bennett

2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

187

139

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“…Exposure of pathogens to low and ineffective concentrations may also occur by failing to remove organic material (including biofilms), adsorption of QAC to the wipe material, or application of products at a suboptimal pH [ 29 , 69 , 117 , 142 ]. QAC-based disinfectants should not be used to wipe the tops of blood culture bottles prior to injecting blood into culture bottles [ 105 ]. Because multiple outbreaks related to contaminated BAC-based antiseptics have occurred, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare no longer lists QAC-based antiseptics as one of the recommended uses of QACs in healthcare settings [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary ammonium disinfectants and antiseptics: tolerance, resistance and potential impact on antibiotic resistance

Boyce¹

2023

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Due to the substantial increase in the use of disinfectants containing quaternary ammonion compounds (QACs) in healthcare and community settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is increased concern that heavy use might cause bacteria to develop resistance to QACs or contribute to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss the mechanisms of QAC tolerance and resistance, laboratory-based evidence of tolerance and resistance, their occurrence in healthcare and other real-world settings, and the possible impact of QAC use on antibiotic resistance. Methods A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. The search was limited to English language articles dealing with tolerance or resistance to QACs present in disinfectants or antiseptics, and potential impact on antibiotic resistance. The review covered the period from 2000 to mid-Jan 2023. Results Mechanisms of QAC tolerance or resistance include innate bacterial cell wall structure, changes in cell membrane structure and function, efflux pumps, biofilm formation, and QAC degradation. In vitro studies have helped elucidate how bacteria can develop tolerance or resistance to QACs and antibiotics. While relatively uncommon, multiple episodes of contaminated in-use disinfectants and antiseptics, which are often due to inappropriate use of products, have caused outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections. Several studies have identified a correlation between benzalkonium chloride (BAC) tolerance and clinically-defined antibiotic resistance. The occurrence of mobile genetic determinants carrying multiple genes that encode for QAC or antibiotic tolerance raises the concern that widespread QAC use might facilitate the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Despite some evidence from laboratory-based studies, there is insufficient evidence in real-world settings to conclude that frequent use of QAC disinfectants and antiseptics has promoted widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance. Conclusions Laboratory studies have identified multiple mechanisms by which bacteria can develop tolerance or resistance to QACs and antibiotics. De novo development of tolerance or resistance in real-world settings is uncommon. Increased attention to proper use of disinfectants is needed to prevent contamination of QAC disinfectants. Additional research is needed to answer many questions and concerns related to use of QAC disinfectants and their potential impact on antibiotic resistance.

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Pseudocontamination of blood components with Burkholderia cepacia during quality controls

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Monitoring and controlling bacteria in pharmaceutical industries water system

Monitoring and controlling bacteria in pharmaceutical industries water system

Outbreaks Associated with Contaminated Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Quaternary ammonium disinfectants and antiseptics: tolerance, resistance and potential impact on antibiotic resistance

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