Pseudoexfoliation: Epidemiology, Clinical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Abstract

The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation among patients of Sephardic origin was more than twice the expected when compared with the ethnic distribution of the population consulting the Rambam Medical Center eye clinic. A strong association between brown irises and pseudoexfoliation was noted. No uniform scanning electron microscope pattern was seen of the pseudoexfoliation.

Evaluation of choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

“…Therefore, a possible association has been hypothesized between the presence of ocular pseudoexfoliation and vascular diseases. [1][2][3][4] In several studies it has been reported that cerebrovascular disease, arterial N2: choroidal thickness at 1000 μm nasal to the fovea; N1: choroidal thickness at 500 μm nasal to the fovea; F: choroidal thickness at fovea; T1: choroidal thickness at 500 μm temporal to the fovea; T2: choroidal thickness at 1000 μm temporal to the fovea; T3: choroidal thickness at 1500 μm temporal to the fovea. Figure 1 T-1500: Choroidal thickness at 1500 μm temporal to the fovea; T-1000: Choroidal thickness at 1000 μm temporal to the fovea; T-500: Choroidal thickness at 500 μm temporal to the fovea; F: Choroidal thickness at fovea; N-500: Choroidal thickness at 500 μm nasal to the fovea; N-1000: Choroidal thickness at 1000 μm nasal to the fovea.…”

“…2 It accumulates in cells that have a regulatory role for local microcirculation such as, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes. 27 Therefore, a possible explanation for reduced choroidal thickness, may be related to impairment local choroidal microcirculation.…”

“…1,2 PEX syndrome is probably due to predisposing genetic factors and certain vascular conditions that induce tissue hypoxia. 2 Recent progress and advances have led to improvements in clinical management by providing a deeper understanding of the effects of the PEX process on ocular tissues and by increasing evidence for systemic associations of PEX with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. 3,4 A previous study has also shown asymmetric values of the two carotid trees of patients with unilateral PEX.…”

Analysis of aqueous humour proteins of eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome

“…In the eye, PEX is characterised by the presence of this material on the pupillary border, the anterior lens capsule, both surfaces of the iris, ciliary body, zonules, in the anterior chamber angle, and occasionally on the posterior surface of the cornea [12]. A simultaneous mechanism of local production of the material by anterior segment tissues and transport via the aqueous humour has been suggested [20].…”

Serum Levels of Omentin in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

“…1 Exfoliation material deposition can be observed on the lens anterior capsule, pupillary ruff, iris surface, ciliary body, zonules, anterior chamber angle, and corneal endothelium. 2 The structure of this fibrillary material is quite complex and includes extracellular matrix proteins (eg, fibrilin-1, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, elastin, and serum amyloid P component), glycosaminoglycans (eg, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate), basal membrane components, and many growth factors. 3 Several factors are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of PES, including transforming growth factorb activity, proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors, increased oxidative stress, and hypoxia.…”