Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics and case analysis

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, causing great concern due to the rapid increase in its resistance to antibiotics. The objective of the research was to describe the resistance mechanisms that P. aeruginosa possesses, as well as to report its behavior against antibiotics in the years 2003 to 2018 in Mexico. A retrospective and longitudinal documentary research was carried out in different digital resources referring to antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the main resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa are β-lactamases, ejection pumps, mutations in porins, acquisition of plasmids, low permeability, formation of biofilms, alterations in penicillin-binding proteins, modifying enzymes of aminoglycosides and mutations in the active site. The antibiotics with the highest percentage of resistance presented between the years 2003 to 2018 were imipenen IMP, gentamicin GEN, ticarcillin / clavulanate TIC, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole TMS, ticarcillin TC, ceftriaxone CRO, aztreonam AZT, ceftazidime CAZ, cefepime FEP, levofloxacin LEV, chloramphenicol CL, tigecilcin TIG and ciprofloxacin CIP, with a peak of resistance between the years 2007 to 2008 and a possible downward trend in 2018. The behavior of resistance between the years 2003 to 2018 report a downward trend in the last two years.

Anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…When the equation was applied, it was shown that the highest percentage of inhibition found on S. aureus was 93.40% at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, and the lowest percentage of inhibition found on S. aureus was 83.47% at a concentration of 25 µg/ml with a probability level of 0.05, as shown in Table 7 and the. Figure (15) The results were consistent with [46] .…”

“…Bacterial isolates were diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics by observing the shape of the colonies growing on the nutrient agar plate, in addition to staining them with Gram stain and examining them under the microscope to reveal their shape and cell arrangement, and biochemical tests were performed [14] . The bacterial isolate was diagnosed using PCR technology based on the 16S rRNA gene and detecting the size of the bands formed when the gene was amplified using electrophoresis of the resulting DNA [15] .…”

Effect of Imipenem and Amikacin Combination against Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…According to the Surveillance Network Database of P. aeruginosa, an increase in antibiotic resistance has been reported in recent decades, and it was considered a multi-drug-resistant pathogen. Thus, its eradication has become increasingly difficult due to its virulence mechanisms, its ability to resist antibiotics, its metabolic potential, and its physiological adaptability [ 6 ].…”

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticle by Using Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria and its Biofilm Activity

“…The soil samples were diluted with distilled water by taking 1 g of soil and dissolving it in a test tube containing 5 ml. From sterile distilled water, the samples were grown on the nutrient medium using a cotton swab and incubated at a temperature of 37°C [13] 2: Diagnosis of bacterial isolates Bacterial isolates were diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics by observing the shape of the colonies growing on the nutrient agar plate, in addition to staining them with Gram stain and examining them under the microscope to reveal their shape and cell arrangement, and biochemical tests were performed [14]. The bacterial isolate was diagnosed using PCR technology based on the 16S rRNA gene and detecting the size of the bands formed when the gene was amplified using electrophoresis of the resulting DNA [15].…”