No abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, causing great concern due to the rapid increase in its resistance to antibiotics. The objective of the research was to describe the resistance mechanisms that P. aeruginosa possesses, as well as to report its behavior against antibiotics in the years 2003 to 2018 in Mexico. A retrospective and longitudinal documentary research was carried out in different digital resources referring to antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. The results showed that the main resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa are β-lactamases, ejection pumps, mutations in porins, acquisition of plasmids, low permeability, formation of biofilms, alterations in penicillin-binding proteins, modifying enzymes of aminoglycosides and mutations in the active site. The antibiotics with the highest percentage of resistance presented between the years 2003 to 2018 were imipenen IMP, gentamicin GEN, ticarcillin / clavulanate TIC, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole TMS, ticarcillin TC, ceftriaxone CRO, aztreonam AZT, ceftazidime CAZ, cefepime FEP, levofloxacin LEV, chloramphenicol CL, tigecilcin TIG and ciprofloxacin CIP, with a peak of resistance between the years 2007 to 2008 and a possible downward trend in 2018. The behavior of resistance between the years 2003 to 2018 report a downward trend in the last two years.

Encapsulation of biostimulant metabolites has gained popularity as it increases their shelf life and improves their absorption, being considered a good alternative for the manufacture of products that stimulate plant growth and fruit production. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) were obtained from nine indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing bacterial strains. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (PT53T) produced the highest concentration of IAA (15.88 μg/mL) after 48 h of incubation. CFS from this strain, as well as an IAA standard were separately encapsulated in chitosan microparticles (CS-MP) using the ionic gelation method. The CS-MP were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), showing absorption bands at 1641, 1547, and 1218 cm−1, associated with the vibrations of the carbonyl C=O, the N-H amine, and the bond between chitosan (CHI) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The effects of unencapsulated CFS, encapsulated CFS (EN-CFS), and encapsulated IAA standard (EN-IAA) on germination and growth of seven-day-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were studied. Results showed that both EN-CFS and EN-IAA significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased seed germination rates by 77.5 and 80.8%, respectively. Both CFS and EN-IAA produced the greatest increase in aerial part length and fresh weight with respect to the treatment-free test. Therefore, it was concluded that the application of EN-CFS or EN-IAA could be a good option to improve the germination and growth of tomato seedlings.

La importancia de esta investigación sobre la Práctica Profesional en las Licenciaturas de Administración Turística y Gastronomía de la Facultad de Administración de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), radica en el objetivo de la información recopilada fue proporcionada por estudiantes de las Licenciaturas, en el desarrollo de sus Prácticas Profesionales (PP) y determinar el grado de aprendizaje del estudiantes en su formación y acompañamiento del docente-tutor, contribuyendo al autoconocimiento interdisciplinario y desarrollo de sus competencias laborales en las empresas de servicios donde realizan las PP. Se diseñó el instrumento de medición y evaluó a 120 estudiantes de ambas Licenciaturas en sus PP en tres periodos de tiempo -cuatrimestres- que son; verano y otoño 2016 y primavera 2017, encuestando 3 apartados: Funciones, Ambiente laboral y Administración con 5 preguntas cada una del instrumento. En base al método científico se consideraron dos tipos de variables; la variable independiente corresponde a la relación existente entre las PP de los estudiantes. La variable dependiente referida a la mejora del aprovechamiento escolar, medible por una entrevista dirigida a los docentes- tutores. Los resultados muestran puntos de coincidencia relevantes que contribuyen a potenciar la gestión de su propio conocimiento en el ámbito laboral.