Pseudomonas exotoxin shock. A preliminary report of studies in dogs

Atik, M

doi:10.1001/jama.205.3.134

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This observation agrees with pre vious findings [4], It is also clear that the changes observed in the behav iour of the platelets and fibrinogen is induced by the exotoxin injection. Previous experiences [6,19] reveal that the untraumatized dog receiving saline infusion shows no changes of blood or organ concentration of la belled platelets or fibrinogen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It is known that the liver is the target organ in canine shock states; Atik et al [4] for example, have shown an increased portal pressure during this type of experiment. How ever, the significance of the platelet accumulation in organ is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…[4]. They found that this exotoxin caused an immediate anaphylactoid reaction which was more or less pronounced and always followed by a late hypotensive period which usually started 1 h after injection and lead to the death of the animal a few hours later.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platelet and Fibrinogen Reactions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin Shock

Genell¹,

Heideman²,

Leandoer³

et al. 1973

Eur Surg Res

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The distribution of radioactively labelled platelets, fibrinogen and erythrocytes in blood and various organs was studied after one injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin in dogs. The blood pressure often immediately dropped but then rapidly returned to the control level. This so-called anaphylactoid phase was followed by a progressive shock accompanied by decreasing blood pressure. The platelets also immediately decreased in the blood and appeared in the lungs during this anaphylactoid phase. Immediately after the injection there were also signs of platelet aggregation in the blood. These changes had a tendency to return to the control-value levels but did not fully reach these levels again. No further changes were observed in the blood or lungs during the shock phase. The changes are interpreted as a platelet aggregation induced by the exotoxin. Evidence of a fibrinogen consumption was found but there was no accumulation in any organ. The changes were not induced by the surgical trauma which was necessary to obtain organ biopsies. A similar behaviour of platelets and fibrinogen in blood was found in dogs not subjected to thoracotomy or laparotomy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Platelet and Fibrinogen Reactions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin Shock

Genell¹,

Heideman²,

Leandoer³

et al. 1973

Eur Surg Res

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“…P. aeruginosa is known to produce many potent toxins (2,3,6,8,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)33), and one is claimed to be responsible for death in experimental Pseudomonas infections (25 with 0.2 ml of tobramycin (50 mg/ml from Eli Lilly), 0.9 ml of bacterial suspension with 0.1 ml of 10% Formalin, 0.9 ml of bacterial suspension with 0.1 ml of 1 M HCl, and 0.9 ml of bacterial suspension with 1.0 ml of 95% ethyl alcohol. The four suspensions were then placed in a water bath at 37 C for 60 min.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation Between Results of In Vitro and In Vivo Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests for Some Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Davis

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The relative efficacy in vivo of the polymyxin and aminoglycoside antibiotics in experimental Pseudomonas infection has apparently never been established. This study was designed to determine such efficacy in experimental infection of mice. Eleven strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the study, representing six of the seven recognized immunotypes. All strains were susceptible to colistin, gentamicin, and tobramycin in vitro, and all were virulent for mice. None was lethal because of preformed toxins. Infections were established in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 100 ID50 of bacteria (infectious doses that would kill 50% of the mice).

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“…sion due to a decrease in peripheral resistance (7,8). However, the pathophysiologic mechanism of this decrease in peripheral vascular resistance is not absolutely clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: an in vitro study on canine arteries

Évora

Ekin

Pearson

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Early systemic arterial hypotension is a common clinical feature of Pseudomonas septicemia. To determine if Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin induces the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO), an endogenous nitrovasodilator, segments of canine femoral, renal, hepatic, superior mesenteric, and left circumflex coronary arteries were suspended in organ chambers (physiological salt solution, 95% O 2 /5% CO 2 , pH 7.4, 37 o C) to measure isometric force. In arterial segments contracted with 2 µM prostaglandin F 2α , Pseudomonas endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serotype 10(Habs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.05 to 0.50 mg/ml)) induced concentration-dependent relaxation of segments with endothelium (P<0.05) but no significant change in tension of arteries without endothelium. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to Pseudomonas LPS occurred in the presence of 1 µM indomethacin, but could be blocked in the coronary artery with 10 µM N G -monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis from Larginine. The inhibitory effect of L-NMMA on LPS-mediated vasorelaxation of the coronary artery could be reversed by exogenous 100 µM L-arginine but not by 100 µM D-arginine. These experiments indicate that Pseudomonas endotoxin induces synthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine by the vascular endothelium. LPS-mediated production of EDNO by the endothelium, possibly through the action of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOSc), may decrease systemic vascular resistance and may be the mechanism of early hypotension characteristic of Pseudomonas septicemia.

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Pseudomonas exotoxin shock. A preliminary report of studies in dogs

Abstract: A study of shock following infusion of a newly described exotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain P-A-103)

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Platelet and Fibrinogen Reactions in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginos</i><i>a</i> Exotoxin Shock

Platelet and Fibrinogen Reactions in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginos</i><i>a</i> Exotoxin Shock

Dissociation Between Results of In Vitro and In Vivo Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests for Some Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: an in vitro study on canine arteries

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