Pseudonocardia thailandensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a subterranean termite nest

Abstract

A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium designated CMU-NKS-70T was isolated from a subterranean termite nest and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain exhibited branching, pinkish-cream aerial mycelium and cream-brown substrate mycelium, and formed chains of rod-like spores. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that strain CMU-NKS-70T belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia, showing high similarity with Pseudonocardia oroxyli D10T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pseudonocardia xishanensis YIM 63638T (98.9 %) and Pseudonocardia kujensis A4038T (98.5 %). However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between strains CMU-NKS-70T and the closest phylogenetically related species ranged from 40.5±2.9 to 48.6±0.7 %. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CMU-NKS-70T consisted of meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, ribose and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and 10-methyl C16 : 0. The polar lipids detected were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 71.9 mol%. The physiological and biochemical properties also supported the phenotypic distinction of strain CMU-NKS-70T from its closely related species. On the basis of evidence from this study using a polyphasic approach, strain CMU-NKS-70T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia for which the name Pseudonocardia thailandensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMU-NKS-70T (=JCM 31292T=TBRC 2000T).

Genus Pseudonocardia : What we know about its biological properties, abilities and current application in biotechnology

“…These species have been isolated using culture media, such as humic acid–vitamin agar (Hayakawa & Nonomura, 1987; Song et al, 2018) powdered chitin agar (Hsu & Lockwood, 1975), International Streptomyces Project (ISP) media (Pascual et al, 2016), arginine‐glycerol‐salt (AGS) medium (El‐Nakeeb & Lechevalier, 1963; Shan et al, 2018), Actinomycete isolation agar, starch‐casein agar (Janaki et al, 2014) and Czapek medium (Waksman, 1967; Gao et al, 2018). Most of the studies that have isolated Pseudonocardia used ISP 2 medium (Sujarit et al, 2017; Thawai, 2018; Trujillo et al, 2017). The duration of incubation and temperature vary in varies across studies.…”

“…The duration of incubation and temperature vary in varies across studies. For example, Pseudonocardia nigra was grown over four times at 28℃ (Trujillo et al, 2017); Pseudonocardia soli was grown for over 5 days at 30℃ (Thawai, 2018); and Pseudonocardia thailandensis was grown at 28℃ in different studies (Sujarit et al, 2017). Besides, the cultivation conditions vary across different studies.…”

“…The morphological characteristics of Pseudonocardia strains, including spore‐chain morphology, spore size and surface ornamentation were observed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in 14‐day‐old cultures grown on trypticase soy broth (TSB). Physiological tests were also performed based on the procedures described by Gordon et al (Sujarit et al, 2017) and Reichert et al (1998). According to the guidelines for the International Streptomyces Project (ISP), the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Pseudonocardia species were studied (Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Pseudonocardia broussonetiae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Broussonetia papyrifera

“… Pseudonocardia species are widely distributed in various environments such as extreme hyper-arid soil [7], rhizosphere soil [8], soil polluted by chemical compounds [9], sediment [10], roots [11], stems [12] and leaves [13]. In addition, they have also been discovered in a gold mine cave [14], a moraine sample [15], a subterranean termite nest [16] and plant litter [17]. In recent years, the genus Pseudonocardia has gained more and more attention for its potential ability to produce antibiotics [18–21] and enzymes [22, 23].…”

Pseudonocardia terrae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere soil in Thailand

“…Currently, the genus consists of 66 species with validly published and correct species names (https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/pseudonocardia) [3]. Novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia have been isolated from various habitats such as soils [4,5], sediment samples [6][7][8], termite nests [9], activated sludge [10] and plant roots [11][12][13]. Most of them were isolated from soils [3].…”