Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome: Comorbidities and Environmental and Therapeutic Implications

Abstract

Psoriasis (PS) is an incessant, fiery skin sickness characterized by erythematous plaques with thick silvery scales, white or red patches of the skin, which encompasses several immunological, biomolecular, genetic, and environmental factors that may lead to further development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and vice versa. Metabolic syndrome is composed of multiple components (high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia) of risk factors that arise primarily from insulin resistance, mostly mediated by inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) together with leptin and adiponectin, which are molecules also found in PS. The incidence, severity, and poor prognosis of the psoriatic diseases could be influenced by cardiometabolic diseases, which are controllable or preventable with intense lifestyle modification such as diet, exercise, and weight control. We performed a far-reaching writing search of different databases as part of this review; 47 investigations were regarded as important based on our search. Fasting, proper weight management, and special diet modifications seemed to have a positive impact on the management of PS. This review agrees with previous literature that nutritionists and specialists of preventive medicine should play a central role in the evaluation and management of psoriatic patients. We recommended that the management of this disease should focus on the environmental factors first instead of the genetic and immunologic pathways.

Non-standard AGE4 epitopes that predict polyneuropathy independently of obesity can be detected by slot dot-blot immunoassay

“…17 Overweight was defined according to WHO classifications as body mass index (BMI) 25-30 kg/m 2 , and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m. 2,18 Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria 19 as the coexistence of central obesity plus any 2 of the following: hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL) or receiving treatment, low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (<40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women), hypertension (≥130 mm Hg for systolic or ≥85 mm Hg for diastolic) or receiving treatment, glucose ≥100 mg/dL or diagnosed with diabetes and receiving treatment. Hyperlipidemia was diagnosed using the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) 20 as elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) and/or low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (≥115 mg/dL) and/or total cholesterol (≥190 mg/dL), or receiving treatment.…”

The Assessment of Risk and Predictors of Sleep Disorders in Patients with Psoriasis—A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis

“…In our previously published papers, we have supported the current perception of psoriasis as a systemic disease of great impact on medical and psychological morbidity [ 7 , 8 ]. Psoriasis has been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MS) [ 3 , 9 ]. Numerous studies also have shown that psoriatics abuse alcohol and suffer from depression more often [ 3 ].…”

“…Considering similar, inflammatory, and autoimmune pathogenesis of psoriasis, there is also a possibility it favors RLS incidence. Furthermore, there is evidence that RLS is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and DM, which are more often observed in psoriatics [ 9 , 22 ]. Another possible link between RLS and psoriasis might be iron deficiency noted sometimes in both diseases [ 20 , 23 ].…”

Research progress and perspective in metabolism and metabolomics of psoriasis

“…[ 2 ] Even if metabolic disorders do not drive disease progression significantly, the effects of the disease could still trigger profound changes in metabolism. [ 3 ]…”

“…Many studies have found that there are close connections between metabolic syndrome and the pathogenesis, outcome, and treatment of psoriasis. [ 1 – 3 ] In addition, recent studies have identified many metabolic diseases as comorbidities of psoriasis, including obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. [ 9 – 11 ] Furthermore, in contrast to genomics and proteomics, metabolomics can also reveal the effects of exogenous factors, such as diet, environment, and the microbiome.…”