PSV10: A Global Data Set for 0–10 Ma Time‐Averaged Field and Paleosecular Variation Studies

Abstract

Globally distributed paleomagnetic data from discrete volcanic sites have previously been used for statistical studies of paleosecular variation and the structure of the time‐averaged field. We present a new data compilation, PSV10, selected from high‐quality paleodirections recorded over the past 10 Ma and comprising 2,401 sites from 81 studies. We require the use of modern laboratory and processing methods, a minimum of four samples per site, and within‐site Fisher precision parameter, kw, ≥50. Studies that identify significant tectonic effects or explicitly target transitional field states are excluded, thereby reducing oversampling of transitional time intervals. Additionally, we apply two approaches using geological evidence to minimize effects of short‐term serial correlation. PSV10 is suitable for use in new global geomagnetic and paleomagnetic studies as it has greatly improved spatial coverage of sites, especially at equatorial and high latitudes. VGP dispersion is latitudinally dependent, with substantially higher values in the Southern Hemisphere than at corresponding northern latitudes when no VGP cutoff is imposed. Average inclination anomalies for 10° latitude bins range from about +3 ± 2° to −7.5 ± 2° for the entire data set, with the largest negative values occurring at equatorial and mid‐northern latitudes. New 0–5 Ma TAF models (LN3 and LN3‐SC) based on selections of normal polarity data from PSV10 indicate a g20 term that is 3.0% of g10. Non‐zonal variations in field structure are observed near the magnetic equator and in regions of increased radial flux at high latitudes over the Americas, the Indian Ocean, and Asia.

One Hundred Thousand Years of Geomagnetic Field Evolution

“…Summary diagram of geomagnetic field models, paleointensity stacks, and dipole moment reconstructions covering timescales from the Holocene to 5 Ma. References: OH1992 (Ohno & Hamano, ), OH1993 (Ohno & Hamano, ), CALS10k.1b (Korte et al, ), CALS10k.2 (Constable et al, ), HFMx, HFM.OL1 (Panovska et al, ), HFM.OL1.A1 (Constable et al, ), YOS2000 (Yang et al, ), SHA.DIF.14k (Pavón‐Carrasco et al, ), MS1982 (McElhinny & Senanayake, ), GEOMAGIA VADM (Knudsen et al, ), C2018‐Overall stack (Channell et al, ), NAPIS‐75 (Laj et al, ), IMOLE (Leonhardt et al, ), LSMOD.1 (Brown et al, ), LSMOD.2 (Korte, Brown, Panovska, & Wardinski, ), GLOPIS‐75 (Laj et al, ), SAPIS (Stoner et al, ), GGF100k (Panovska, Constable, & Korte, ), sint‐200 (Guyodo & Valet, ), IMIBE (Lanci et al, ), NOPAPIS‐250 (Yamamoto et al, ), SAS‐300 (Hofmann & Fabian, ), SASC‐300 (Hofmann & Fabian, ), RADM (Ziegler & Constable, ), S1999 (Shao et al, ), IMMAB4 (Leonhardt & Fabian, ), IT2008 (Ingham & Turner, ), sint‐800 (Guyodo & Valet, ), PISO‐1500 (Channell et al, ), HINAPIS‐1500 (Xuan et al, ), M1995 (Mazaud, ), sint‐2000 (Valet et al, ), PADM2M (Ziegler et al, ), EPAPIS‐3Ma (Yamazaki & Oda, ), NARPI‐2200 (Channell et al, ), SK1990 (Schneider & Kent, ), GK1993 (Gubbins & Kelly, ), MM1977 (Merrill & McElhinny, ), LN1, LR1 (Johnson & Constable, ), MMM1996 (McElhinny et al, ), LSN1, LSR1 (Johnson & Constable, ), KG1997 (Kelly & Gubbins, ), CC1998 (Carlut & Courtillot, ), MF‐1, MF‐2, MF‐3 (Shao et al, ), LN3, LN3‐SC (Cromwell et al, ).…”

“…Negative anomalies appear in the North and South Atlantic Ocean, while the mildly positive B r NAD anomaly at high southern latitudes, over Antarctica, is present only in the 100 ka and 5 Ma averages. In general, the overall structure of latitudinal/longitudinal variations of the average NAD radial field observed over the past 100 ka is also present in the several million year averages (e.g., Cromwell et al, ; Johnson & Constable, ).…”

“…However, the validity of this assumption is unclear. Merrill et al () report that time averages of 10 4 to 10 5 years have been considered sufficient, while studies of the time‐averaged field (TAF) frequently find deviations from GAD on timescales ranging from millennia up to 5 Myr (see, e.g., Constable et al, ; Cromwell et al, , and Sections , ).…”

“…(a) Distribution of the number of studies by year of publication (one year bins). Different colors represent sediment studies from the 100 ka data compilation by Panovska, Constable, and Brown (), and archeomagnetic and volcanic data from the GEOMAGIA50.v3 (Brown, Donadini, Korte, et al, ) and PSV10 (Cromwell et al, ) databases. Distributions of studied regions in publications from the GEOMAGIA50.v3 and PSV10 databases (b) and the sediment data compilation (c).…”

“…Therefore, only records that have previously been used in such syntheses are considered here, and some more recently published records are not included. The geographic distribution of the GEOMAGIA50.v3 (Brown, Donadini, Korte, et al, ) and PSV10 (Cromwell et al, ) databases and of the sediment data compilation of (Panovska, Constable, & Brown, ) are given in Figures b and c. The European region is covered best by volcanic and archeomagnetic data (60%), followed by Asia and North America each with 13%.…”