Psyche Science Operations Concept: Maximize Reuse to Minimize Risk

Polanskey, C.; Elkins-Tanton, L.; Jaumann, R.; Lawrence, D. J.; Marsh, Danielle; Moore, Robert R.; Park, Ryan; Pic, Maria de Soria-Santacruz; Russell, C. T.; Wenkert, Daniel; Williams, David A.

doi:10.2514/6.2018-2703

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The mission was designed to allow all instruments to participate together in each science orbit, and the instrument data will be enhanced with a gravity investigation using the spacecraft itself and its X‐band radio communications system. For more information about the instruments on the Psyche mission, please see Hart et al () and Polanskey et al ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applying lessons learned from the Dawn mission (Polanskey et al, ), the Psyche mission profile incorporates increased margins in operations duration, data volume, and onboard data storage capacity, providing a more robust operations environment and greater adaptability to unanticipated aspects of Psyche's physical characteristics. Prelaunch simulations of the credible extremes of all physical parameters are conducted to confirm the viability of the operations plan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations, Meteorites, and Models: A Preflight Assessment of the Composition and Formation of (16) Psyche

et al. 2020

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Some years ago, the consensus was that asteroid (16) Psyche was almost entirely metal. New data on density, radar properties, and spectral signatures indicate that the asteroid is something perhaps even more enigmatic: a mixed metal and silicate world. Here we combine observations of Psyche with data from meteorites and models for planetesimal formation to produce the best current hypotheses for Psyche's properties and provenance. Psyche's bulk density appears to be between 3,400 and 4,100 kg m−3. Psyche is thus predicted to have between ~30 and ~60 vol% metal, with the remainder likely low‐iron silicate rock and not more than ~20% porosity. Though their density is similar, mesosiderites are an unlikely analog to bulk Psyche because mesosiderites have far more iron‐rich silicates than Psyche appears to have. CB chondrites match both Psyche's density and spectral properties, as can some pallasites, although typical pallasitic olivine contains too much iron to be consistent with the reflectance spectra. Final answers, as well as resolution of contradictions in the data set of Psyche physical properties, for example, the thermal inertia measurements, may not be resolved until the NASA Psyche mission arrives in orbit at the asteroid. Despite the range of compositions and formation processes for Psyche allowed by the current data, the science payload of the Psyche mission (magnetometers, multispectral imagers, neutron spectrometer, and a gamma‐ray spectrometer) will produce data sets that distinguish among the models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations, Meteorites, and Models: A Preflight Assessment of the Composition and Formation of (16) Psyche

et al. 2020

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“…Requirements for optimal and useable observing geometry for SPG and SPC (see alsoPolanskey et al 2018) …”

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confidence: 99%

The Psyche Topography and Geomorphology Investigation

et al. 2022

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Detailed mapping of topography is crucial for the understanding of processes shaping the surfaces of planetary bodies. In particular, stereoscopic imagery makes a major contribution to topographic mapping and especially supports the geologic characterization of planetary surfaces. Image data provide the basis for extensive studies of the surface structure and morphology on local, regional and global scales using photogeologic information from images, the topographic information from stereo-derived digital terrain models and co-registered spectral terrain information from color images. The objective of the Psyche topography and geomorphology investigation is to derive the detailed shape of (16) Psyche to generate orthorectified image mosaics, which are needed to study the asteroids’ landforms, interior structure, and the processes that have modified the surface over geologic time. In this paper we describe our approaches for producing shape models, and our plans for acquiring requested image data to quantify the expected accuracy of the results. Multi-angle images obtained by Psyche’s camera will be used to create topographic models with about 15 m/pixel horizontal resolution and better than 10 m height accuracy on a global scale. This is slightly better as global imaging obtained during the Dawn mission, however, both missions yield resolutions of a few m/pixel locally. Two different techniques, stereophotogrammetry and stereophotoclinometry, are used to model the shape; these models will be merged with the gravity fields obtained by the Psyche spacecraft to produce geodetically controlled topographic models. The resulting digital topography models, together with the gravity data, will reveal the tectonic, volcanic, impact, and gradational history of Psyche, and enable co-registration of data sets to determine Psyche’s geologic history.

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“…The energy deposited by the impacts could have melted the core and the subsequent advection of this conductive fluid could have powered a dynamo, generating a magnetic field magnetizing the solid outermost layers of the body (Neufeld et al., 2019; Weiss et al., 2010). This hypothesis will be supported if the Psyche spacecraft's fluxgate Magnetometer detects a substantial remanent magnetic field (Polanskey et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Psyche Magnetometer is designed to detect fields between ∼0.2 nT and ∼80,000 nT (Polanskey et al., 2018). The sensitivity and dynamic range of the Magnetometer are defined by simulating Psyche's magnetic field using uniformly magnetized spherical volumes with known magnetization directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Portable Magnetometer for Magnetic Measurements of Meter‐Sized Meteorites

Clavé

Maurel

Lima

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The NASA Discovery mission Psyche plans to orbit the asteroid (16) Psyche in 2026 and measure its magnetic field (Elkins-Tanton et al., 2017). With an estimated mean radius of 113 km (Shepard et al., 2017) and mean density of 3,700 ± 300 kg m −3 , (16) Psyche is estimated to contain up to 60 vol. % metal (Elkins-Tanton et al., 2020), making it the largest known metal-rich body in the solar system. A leading hypothesis to explain the asteroid's metal-rich composition is that it is the iron core of an ancient protoplanet. This protoplanet likely would have undergone several energetic impacts, stripping away most of its rocky mantle (Asphaug & Reufer, 2014). The energy deposited by the impacts could have melted the core and the subsequent advection Abstract Meteorites contain records of past magnetic fields in the form of natural remanent magnetization (NRM). A key property of meteorite magnetization that provides information about its origin is its dependence on spatial scale. In particular, understanding how the mean remanent magnetization varies from the scale of meteorites to the global scale of their parent bodies would aid in the interpretation of spacecraft magnetometry data. However, the vast majority of meteorite samples whose remanent magnetization have been measured have sizes <10 cm due to the limited size range accommodated by laboratory magnetometers. To address this limitation, we developed a portable magnetometer array that enables remanence measurements of meter-size meteorites in a nonmagnetically shielded environment. The instrument measures both NRM and induced magnetization using two orthogonal square Helmholtz coil pairs that compensate the vertical and horizontal components of the background magnetic field. An array of four magnetometers mounted on a movable aluminum rail measures the magnetic field at multiple locations around the sample. The instrument is transportable and can be adapted to different sample sizes. After distinguishing the induced component from the remanent component of a sample's total field, the remanence can be estimated from a multipole field inversion combined with nonlinear least squares method. We validated the instrument and data processing on a magnet of known magnetic moment and measured the NRM of a meter-sized iron meteorite. Plain Language Summary Meteorites are remnant fragments of planetary bodies. Their physical properties reflect the history of their environment and that of on their parent bodies. In particular, some meteorites preserve records of past magnetic fields experienced on their parent asteroids in the form of natural remanent magnetization. This remanence can be probed by spacecraft magnetometers to infer the intensity and direction of ancient magnetizing fields. However, it is unclear how to relate global scale measurements of planetary magnetization to that of meteorites measured in the laboratory. A major limitation is that the scaling of meteorite magnetization with size is largely unknown. Establishing such scaling requires measuring the rema...

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Psyche Science Operations Concept: Maximize Reuse to Minimize Risk

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Observations, Meteorites, and Models: A Preflight Assessment of the Composition and Formation of (16) Psyche

Observations, Meteorites, and Models: A Preflight Assessment of the Composition and Formation of (16) Psyche

The Psyche Topography and Geomorphology Investigation

A Portable Magnetometer for Magnetic Measurements of Meter‐Sized Meteorites

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