Psychiatric disorder and work life: A longitudinal study of intra-generational social mobility

Tiikkaja, Sanna; Sandin, Sven; Hultman, Christina M.; Modin, Bitte; Malki, Ninoa; Sparén, Pär

doi:10.1177/0020764015614594

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Chronic diseases such as cancer were expected to be the most likely to create health selection into social mobility and mortality since cancer mortality should be preceded by a period of time in poor health long enough to affect a career. Although suicide may be thought to be preceded by psychiatric disorders that potentially influences social mobility chances [33] as well, previous studies have found little support for selection effects within the labor market [4,9,10,14,17,18]. Psychiatric health selection effects may be more evident in the pathway out of the labor market, particularly for those individuals with very severe psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia [9,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But findings are inconclusive on whether this is the case. Much research suggests that social mobility is not associated with previous health [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], whereas some findings indicate a modest effect of health on social mobility [12][13][14][15][16][17], on financial deprivation [18] and the attainment of supervisory/managerial positions and income change [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sick leave absence and the relationship between intra-generational social mobility and mortality: health selection in Sweden

Billingsley

2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: Poor health could influence how individuals are sorted into occupational classes. Health selection has therefore been considered a potential modifier to the mortality class gradient through differences in social mobility. Direct health selection in particular may operate in the short-term as poor health may lead to reduced work hours or achievement, downward social mobility, unemployment or restricted upward mobility, and death. In this study, the relationship between social mobility and mortality (all-cause, cancer-related, cardiovascular disease-related (CVD), and suicide) is explored when the relationship is adjusted for poor health. Methods: Using Swedish register data (1996-2012) and discrete time event-history analysis, odds ratios and average marginal effects (AME) of social mobility and unemployment on mortality are observed before and after accounting for sickness absence in the previous year. Results: After adjusting for sickness absence, all-cause mortality remained lower for men after upward mobility in comparison to not being mobile (OR 0.82, AME-0.0003, CI − 0.0003 to − 0.0002). Similarly, upward mobility continued to be associated with lower cancer-related mortality for men (OR 0.85, AME-0.00008, CI − 0.00002 to − 0.0002), CVD-related mortality for men (OR 0.76, AME-0.0001, CI − 0.00006 to − 0.0002) and suicide for women (OR 0.67, AME-0.00002, CI − 0.000002 to − 0.00003). The relationship between unemployment and mortality also persisted across most causes of death for both men and women after controlling for previous sickness absence. In contrast, adjusting for sickness absence renders the relationship between downward mobility and cancer-related mortality not statistically different from the non-mobile. Conclusions: Health selection plays a role in how downward mobility is linked to cancer related deaths. It additionally accounts for a portion of why upward mobility is associated with lower mortality. That health selection plays a role in how social mobility and mortality are related may be unexpected in a context with strong job protection. Job protection does not, however, equalize opportunities for upward mobility, which may be limited for those who have been ill. Because intra-generational upward mobility and mortality remained related after adjusting for sickness absence, other important mechanisms such as indirect selection or social causation should be explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sick leave absence and the relationship between intra-generational social mobility and mortality: health selection in Sweden

Billingsley

2020

BMC Public Health

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“…Childhood SES, across a wide range of levels, has been associated with disparate outcomes in mental health, cognitive development, and academic achievement (Brooks-Gunn and Duncan 1997;Sirin 2005;Noble et al 2007;Reiss 2013). These associations are thought to arise through diverse causal pathways, including (i) direct SES-linked environmental effects on cognitive outcomes (Ritsher et al 2001;Kendler et al 2015), (ii) the capacity of mental health difficulties or low cognitive performance to negatively impact SES (Tiikkaja et al 2016), and (iii) the existence of factors that simultaneously increase risk for lowered SES and cognitive difficulties (Trzaskowski et al 2014;Hill et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinally Mapping Childhood Socioeconomic Status Associations with Cortical and Subcortical Morphology

McDermott¹,

Seidlitz²,

Nadig³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) impacts cognitive development and mental health, but its association with structural brain development is not yet well-characterized. Here, we analyzed 1243 longitudinally-acquired structural MRI scans from 623 youth to investigate the relation between SES and cortical and subcortical morphology between ages 5 and 25 years. We found positive associations between SES and total volumes of the brain, cortical sheet, and four separate subcortical structures. These associations were developmentally fixed rather than age-dependent.Surface-based shape analysis revealed that higher SES is associated with areal expansion of (i) lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, lateral temporal, and superior parietal cortices and (ii) ventrolateral thalamic, and medial amygdalo-hippocampal sub-regions. Meta-analyses of functional imaging data indicate that cortical correlates of SES are centered on brain systems subserving sensorimotor functions, language, memory, and emotional processing. We further show that anatomical variation within a subset of these cortical regions partially mediates the positive association between SES and IQ. Finally, we identify neuroanatomical correlates of SES that exist above and beyond accompanying variation in IQ. Our findings clarify the spatiotemporal patterning of SES-related neuroanatomical variation and inform ongoing efforts to dissect the causal pathways underpinning observed associations between childhood SES and regional brain anatomy.

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“…The risk of mental disorders in populations, most notably depression, does not occur randomly in developed nations. Rather, the gradient of risk is steeply slanted toward the disadvantaged [155][156][157][158][159]. From the nutritional perspective, childhood adversities (which already increase risk of later-life NCDs) predict subsequent unhealthy dietary choices in adulthood [160].…”

Section: Disadvantage Compoundedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrofood, Priorities and Pandemics: Reflections of an Ultra-Processed Breakfast Program and Contemporary Dysbiotic Drift

Logan

Prescott

2017

Challenges

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Abstract:Recognizing the importance of nutrition as part of the grand challenges faced by humanity-the current epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), sustainability and maintenance of Planetary Health-the United Nations (UN) has declared 2016-2025 the Decade of Nutrition. Research continues to underscore the extent to which ultra-processed foods dominate the contemporary nutritional landscape. Moreover, the dual role played by food technology and marketing in the expansion of ultra-processed foods is under increased scrutiny. As public health experts and clinicians contend with a crisis of NCDs, attempting to untangle a knotted assortment of interrelated strands of causation, an examination of the early origins of highly-marketed ultra-processed foods can provide valuable lessons. Here, we illuminate a little-known piece of history in the annals of ultra-processed nutritional science and childhood welfare. Astrofood was a commercially-marketed, collaborative government-industry effort that brought soy protein-enriched Twinkies as a nutritive breakfast cake to disadvantaged children; its concept and delivery demonstrated an unwillingness to deal with root-cause challenges. Although its official tenure was only about 7 years, we argue that Astrofood and its total food engineering still resonate throughout the global ultra-processed nutritional landscape. New scientific advances in nutritional psychiatry and the microbiome are on a collision course with the profits, marketing and intellectual dishonesty of the ultra-processed food industry. Solutions to the grand challenges of the Decade of Nutrition may be found in lessons from Astrofood. They provide clues to undoing the tangled knots which otherwise maintain an untenable status quo.

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Psychiatric disorder and work life: A longitudinal study of intra-generational social mobility

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Sick leave absence and the relationship between intra-generational social mobility and mortality: health selection in Sweden

Sick leave absence and the relationship between intra-generational social mobility and mortality: health selection in Sweden

Longitudinally Mapping Childhood Socioeconomic Status Associations with Cortical and Subcortical Morphology

Astrofood, Priorities and Pandemics: Reflections of an Ultra-Processed Breakfast Program and Contemporary Dysbiotic Drift

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