Psychiatric Issues

Kanas, Nick; Manzey, Dietrich

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6770-9_5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A number of psychiatric and psychological hurdles have arisen for astronauts [47]. In particular, there seems to be a tendency for them to develop anxiety-and depressionspectrum disorders [48]. These have typically been seen as psychological manifestations of loneliness, isolation, interpersonal stress.…”

Section: Microgravity May Promote Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal Tensegrity in Microgravity

Gardiner¹

2021

Life

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In order for Man to venture further into Space he will have to adapt to its conditions, including microgravity. Life as we know it has evolved on Earth with a substantial gravitational field. If they spend considerable time away from Earth, astronauts experience physiological, mental, and anatomical changes. It is not clear if these are pathological or adaptations. However, it is true that they experience difficulties on their return to stronger gravity. The cytoskeleton is a key site for the detection of gravitational force within the body, due to its tensegrity architecture. In order to understand what happens to living beings in space, we will need to unravel the role cytoskeletal tensegrity architecture plays in the building and function of cells, organs, the body, and mind.

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Section: Microgravity May Promote Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal Tensegrity in Microgravity

Gardiner¹

2021

Life

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“…In addition, there are alterations in serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain, which are typical for depressed patients ( Sarkisova and Van Luijtelaar, 2011 ). Depressive behavior, and mental health in general, is very pertinent to successful space missions ( Kanas, 2016 ), especially longer deep space missions as those planned to Mars, and we reported increased depressive-like behavior of B6D2F1 mice 2 months following sequential radiation with protons (1 GeV, 60%, LET = 0.2 keV/μm), 16 O (250 MeV/n, 20%, LET = 25 keV/μm), and 28 Si (263 MeV/n, 20%, LET = 78 keV/μm) at a total dose of 0.5 Gy, a mission-relevant dose for exploratory class missions ( Raber et al, 2019 ). Conducting studies of space radiation and simulated microgravity in the WAG/Rij rat allows comparisons to be made between the central nervous and cardiovascular systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats

et al. 2021

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A limitation of simulated space radiation studies is that radiation exposure is not the only environmental challenge astronauts face during missions. Therefore, we characterized behavioral and cognitive performance of male WAG/Rij rats 3 months after sham-irradiation or total body irradiation with a simplified 5-ion mixed beam exposure in the absence or presence of simulated weightlessness using hindlimb unloading (HU) alone. Six months following behavioral and cognitive testing or 9 months following sham-irradiation or total body irradiation, plasma and brain tissues (hippocampus and cortex) were processed to determine whether the behavioral and cognitive effects were associated with long-term alterations in metabolic pathways in plasma and brain. Sham HU, but not irradiated HU, rats were impaired in spatial habituation learning. Rats irradiated with 1.5 Gy showed increased depressive-like behaviors. This was seen in the absence but not presence of HU. Thus, HU has differential effects in sham-irradiated and irradiated animals and specific behavioral measures are associated with plasma levels of distinct metabolites 6 months later. The combined effects of HU and radiation on metabolic pathways in plasma and brain illustrate the complex interaction of environmental stressors and highlights the importance of assessing these interactions.

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“…3,7,32 Indeed, existing space missions have already reported a number of psychiatric problems that occur. 32,58 The most common are adaptation reactions that generally present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. 57,59 Key challenges in space include isolation from friends and family, confinement, conflict among flight participants, pervasive danger, circadian disruption secondary to shifting light exposure, spaceflightassociated stressors (e.g., microgravity, radiation, and noise), boredom, monotony, and an unusual environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Promoting Tech Transfer Between Space and Global Mental Health

Chang¹,

Storch²,

Black³

et al. 2020

aerosp med hum perform

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INTRODUCTION: Numerous issues in mental health benefit from technological innovation. An example involves the mental health challenges of long-duration spaceflight (such as a Mars mission), including prolonged confinement, microgravity, and different sunlight exposure lengths. Persisting on Earth are global mental health challenges stemming from disease burdens, limited interview-based diagnostic systems, trial-and-error treatment approaches, and suboptimal access. There is potential for cross-pollinating solutions between these seemingly disparate challenges using a range of emerging technologies such as sensors, omics, and big data. In this review, we highlight the bidirectional value of mental health technology transfer aimed to address issues both on Earth and in space.METHODS: We prepared a systematic review of studies pertaining to mental health technological innovation and space medicine.RESULTS: For Earth mental health technologies translatable to long-duration space missions, we cite several example technologies, including device-based psychotherapy and social support, conversational agents aka chatbots, and nutritional and physical activity focused mental health. Space technologies translatable to Earth mental health include remote sensing devices, global navigation satellite systems, satellite communications, chronotherapies, and nutritional advances.DISCUSSION: There is a rich history of space technologies informing Earth technological trends, including general health care on Earth, and vice versa. To avoid the traditional happenstance approach that results in delays, missed opportunities, and increased cost, and to improve outcomes for both Earth and space utilization of these technologies, we propose increased dialogue and training opportunities to enhance innovation and outcomes.Chang DD, Storch EA, Black L, Berk M, Pellis N, Lavretsky H, Sutton J, Ternes K, Shepanek M, Smith E, Abbott R, Eyre HA. Promoting tech transfer between space and global mental health. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(9):737745.

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Psychiatric Issues

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Cytoskeletal Tensegrity in Microgravity

Cytoskeletal Tensegrity in Microgravity

Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats

Promoting Tech Transfer Between Space and Global Mental Health

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