Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms after COVID-19

Poyraz, Burç Çağrı; Poyraz, Cana Aksoy; Olgun, Yeşim; Gürel, Özge; Alkan, Sena; Özdemir, Yusuf; Balkan, İ̇lker İnanç; Karaali, Rıdvan

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113604

Cited by 142 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All of these studies were conducted in Asia (three in China, one in Korea, and one in Vietnam). Just after treatment discharge of mild cases in Turkey, 18.4% and 18.8% were considered having ‘probable’ anxiety and depression ( Poyraz et al, 2021 ).The prevalence of a clinically significant depressive symptoms in our study (26.2%) is within range of previous studies, but clinically significant anxiety symptoms were greater (22.4%) than previously reported values (6.8–21.0%). Our results were more similar to those found by Zhang et al (2020) , who sampled home-quarantined COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Post-infection depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A prospective cohort study in patients with mild COVID-19

Ismael

Bizario²,

Battagin

et al. 2021

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Post-infection depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A prospective cohort study in patients with mild COVID-19

Ismael

Bizario²,

Battagin

et al. 2021

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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“…Our prevalence rates are in the lower range of the 7–34%, which was reported in other cohorts of COVID-19 survivors following hospitalization at comparable time points [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], and much lower than the 96% reported during hospitalization in a study using the PCL-C, a civilian version of a PTSD questionnaire based on DSM-IV [ 22 ]. Two of the studies also comprised both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects [ 7 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress in Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Einvik

Dammen

Ghanima

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This population-based study assessed the prevalence and determinants of symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a cohort of hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients about 1.5–6 months after their COVID-19 onset. The data were acquired from two mixed postal/web surveys in June–September 2020 from patients all aged ≥18 years with a positive polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) until 1 June 2020, comprising both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects. The catchment areas of the two included hospitals covers about 17% of the population of Norway. In total, 211 hospitalized and 938 non-hospitalized subjects received invitation. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was assessed using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Determinants of symptom-defined PTSD and PTSD symptoms were analyzed using multivariable logistic and linear regression analysis. In total, 583 (51%) subjects responded at median 116 (range 41–200) days after COVID-19 onset. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 9.5% in hospitalized and 7.0% in non-hospitalized subjects (p = 0.80). Female sex, born outside of Norway, and dyspnea during COVID-19 were risk factors for persistent PTSD symptoms. In non-hospitalized subjects, previous depression and COVID-19 symptom load were also associated with persistent PTSD symptoms. In conclusion, COVID-19 symptom load, but not hospitalization, was associated with symptom-defined PTSD and PTSD symptom severity.

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“…This finding suggests that although having a chronic illness predisposes patients with acromegaly and CD to be strongly affected by COVID-19, they do not experience the pandemic as more traumatic than the general population. As a matter of fact, in a study by Poyraz et al (2020), researchers evaluated the protracted psychiatric symptoms after COVID-19, and showed that the severity of PTSD symptoms did not change to the presence of a chronic medical disease [37]. Patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 had significantly higher rates (48%) of PTSD than the other three groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased scale scores showed the presence of higher levels of anxiety. The scores for the STAI questionnaire ranged from 20 to 80 points and was split into four groups: no anxiety (0-20), mild (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), moderate (40-59), and severe anxiety (60-80). An abnormal STAI score was subject when the participants' score was ≥ 40.…”

Section: State-trait Anxiety Inventory (Stai S-t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial effects and clinic reflections of the COVID-19 outbreak in patients with acromegaly and Cushing’s disease

et al. 2021

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Purpose Patients with acromegaly and Cushing's disease (CD) may experience significant problems related to the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to investigate the psychosocial effects of the pandemic and reveal the follow-up characteristics. Methods The single center, cross-sectional, web-based survey study included patients with acromegaly and CD, PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers without known any chronic disease. The semi-structured sociodemographic data form, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used. Results We examined 583 people (217 acromegaly, 127 CD, 102 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and 137 healthy controls). The frequency of abnormal state anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were similar in patients with acromegaly and CD and healthy controls, and higher in PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients than in these three groups (p < 0.001 for both). The frequency of abnormal trait anxiety was higher in patients with acromegaly and PCR-confirmed COVID-19 compared to patients with CD and healthy controls (p = 0.027, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between the acromegaly and CD groups in terms of follow-up characteristics and perception of the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak (p > 0.05 for all). But, the treatment discontinuation rate was higher in patients with acromegaly than CD (p = 0.012). Conclusions Our findings indicate that acromegaly and CD patients are psychologically less affected than PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and exhibit similar findings the general population. The clinicians should consider the psychosocial effects, as well as focus on the regular follow-up and medical treatments of these patients during the outbreak.

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Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms after COVID-19

Cited by 142 publications

References 30 publications

Post-infection depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A prospective cohort study in patients with mild COVID-19

Post-infection depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A prospective cohort study in patients with mild COVID-19

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress in Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Psychosocial effects and clinic reflections of the COVID-19 outbreak in patients with acromegaly and Cushing’s disease

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