One hundred seventy-one references relevant to posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSDs) in Vietnam veterans are listed. Psychologically and medically oriented journals, books, and government publications were searched for research and clinical reports pertinent to the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of PTSDs in Vietnam veterans. In addition, published narratives of veterans' combat experiences and research on PTSDs from other conflicts (e.g., World War II, Korean conflict, Yom Kippur war} were searched for relevant information.