Psychiatrists, Soldiers, and Officers in Italy During the Great War

Bianchi, Bruna

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511529252.011

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Not only the Germans but also the other national armies in the War had the same problems with war neuroses and hysterias: Italy (Bianchi, 2001), France (Mauran, 1995; Roudebush, 2001) and Great Britain (Brown, 1995; Merskey, 1995). For most European military doctors, hysteria was a condition of morale or ‘immorality’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Charcot’s physiological concept of hysteria had been abandoned. Italian psychiatrists reduced psychic reactions to questions of moral strength and weakness (Bianchi, 2001); French neuropsychiatrists used a similar vocabulary when they were confronted with the wide occurrence of war neurosis and hysteria. These conditions were increasingly recognized from the beginning of the war and onwards, 5 culminating in the wartime meeting of French neurologists in March 1916 6 which took place earlier than the German congress in Munich in September of that year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fight for ‘traumatic neurosis’, 1889–1916: Hermann Oppenheim and his opponents in Berlin

Holdorff¹

2011

Hist Psychiatry

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The concept of traumatic neurosis conceived by Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) located post-traumatic nervous symptoms between hysteria and neurasthenia, considering them a consequence of physical reactions to fright and a cause of molecular tissue changes. As early as 1890, his concept was criticized at an international congress in Berlin. In February 1916, there was a significant debate of the issue in Berlin, and eventually Oppenheim's concept was completely defeated at the war meeting of German neuropsychiatrists in September 1916 in Munich. In the Berlin debate, a range of views on war neurosis was presented. Partly as a result of this, but also due to the powerful position of Oppenheim himself, it was not until after the end of WWI that traumatic neurosis was excluded from medico-legal assessments. The differing views of physiological brain-mind relations from that time do not differ greatly from present concepts. However, Oppenheim's traumatic neurosis with its more quasi-neurological picture should not be equated with PTSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%