Psychologic Distress and Natural Menopause: A Multiethnic Community Study

Bromberger, Joyce T.; Meyer, Peter; Kravitz, Howard M.; Sommer, Barbara R.; Cordal, Adriana; Powell, Lynda H.; Ganz, Patricia A.; Sutton-Tyrrell, Kim

doi:10.2105/ajph.91.9.1435

Cited by 241 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Since mild emotional symptoms occur in many women during the perimenopausal years, it is important to establish whether the symptoms are of suicient severity and duration to constitute major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, or panic disorder. Psychological distress is usually seen more in females with disturbed sleep [11]. Sleep could be disturbed in midlife due to psychosocial stressors of life or as a result of symptoms of menopause like hot lushes (also termed as "lashes") and night sweats.…”

Section: Secondary Efects On Mood/psychiatric Morbidity and Menopausementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause

Afridi¹

2017

A Multidisciplinary Look at Menopause

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Menopause is one of the age-related phases of physiological transition of females. There is robust research and information regarding its biological aspects specially its endocrine base, yet the psychosocial aspect is quite interesting and debatable due to its variability among diferent cultures and climates. There are certain subthreshold response in form fear and loss of reproductive life to no more ability to reproduce and a feeling of loss of femininity. The period of menstruation simulated to reproductive age or fertility is around half of their lives; therefore, loss of fertility or reproductive life may be a source of stress specially among tribes where long reproductive age period is desired on the cultural belief that this will lead to a large family size that is considered as a symbol of success. Psychological factors such personal or inter-psychic (personality, self-esteem, and coping skills) and intrapsychic (relationship issues and social support) may contribute in the onset, course, and repose to perimenopausal period. There are certain psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depressive disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric syndrome related to premenopausal period that must be screened. Before embarking on pharmacological treatment, psychosocial intervention especially lifestyle modiications must be ofered to avoid complications.

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Section: Secondary Efects On Mood/psychiatric Morbidity and Menopausementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause

Afridi¹

2017

A Multidisciplinary Look at Menopause

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“…34 Findings from the SWAN study have shown a correlation between the perimenopause and increased risk of depressed mood when compared with women who are premenopausal. 35 Women in perimenopause, who have the greatest fluctuations in sex steroid hormones, are particularly likely to report menopausal symptoms including sleep disturbance, psychological symptoms, and vasomotor symptoms. 36 It can be difficult to tease out separate effects of age versus menopausal status.…”

Section: Depressed Mood Sleep and Sexual Problems In Swanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Depressed Mood, Disturbed Sleep, and Sexual Problems in Midlife Women: Cross-Sectional Data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Prairie

Wisniewski

Luther

et al. 2015

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Women report many nonvasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition, including sleep disturbances, depressed mood, and sexual problems. The co-occurrence of these three symptoms may represent a specific menopausal symptom triad. We sought to evaluate the interrelatedness of disturbed sleep, depressed mood, and sexual problems in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) and determine the characteristics of women exhibiting this symptom triad. Methods: SWAN is a multisite, multiethnic observational cohort study of the menopausal transition in the United States. Sleep disturbance, sexual problems, and depressed mood were determined based on self-report. Women who reported all three symptoms simultaneously were compared to those who did not. Logistic regression models estimated the association of demographic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics with the symptom triad. Results: Study participants (n = 1716) were 49.8 years old on average and primarily in very good or excellent health. Sixteen and a half percent had depressed mood, 36.6% had a sleep problem, and 42.2% had any sexual problem. Five percent of women (n = 90) experienced all three symptoms. Women with the symptom triad compared with those without had lower household incomes, less education, were surgically postmenopausal or late perimenopausal, rated their general health as fair or poor, and had more stressful life events and lower social support. Conclusions: The symptom triad of sleep disturbance, depressed mood, and sexual problems occurred in only 5% of women, and occurred most often among women with lower socioeconomic status, greater psychosocial distress, and who were surgically menopausal or in the late perimenopause.

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“…A series of SWAN studies evaluated menopausal status in relation to outcomes of dysphoric mood [48,52], depressive symptoms (CES-D) [53][54][55] and depressive disorder [56,57]. These studies overall showed that depressive symptoms and dysphoric mood varied by menopausal status and were independent of other known risk factors for depression.…”

Section: Depression and The Menopause Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in the menopause transition: risks in the changing hormone milieu as observed in the general population

Freeman

2015

womens midlife health

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There is accumulating evidence but no definitive answers about the incidence of depressed mood in the menopause transition and its association with the changing hormonal milieu. While a changing hormonal milieu is the natural condition for all women, only a minority of mid-life women experience debilitating depressive symptoms or clinical depression. This review focuses on associations between depressed mood and the menopause transition, primarily as identified in longitudinal, population-based studies in the past decade. Further aims were to present reported associations between depressed mood and reproductive hormones in the menopause transition as evaluated in the general population and associations of depressive symptoms or clinical depression with menopausal hot flashes or poor sleep in perimenopausal women. There is evidence to support the role of the changing endocrine milieu in the development of depressed mood in the menopause transition, but the contribution of hormones as measured is small. Disentangling the numerous factors that are associated with depression in midlife women is a major challenge for research and for clinical care, where treatments are needed to improve the most distressing menopausal symptoms.

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Psychologic Distress and Natural Menopause: A Multiethnic Community Study

Abstract: Psychologic distress is associated with irregular menses in midlife. It is important to determine whether distress is linked to alterations in hormone levels and to what extent a mood-hormone relationship may be influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors.

Cited by 241 publications

References 41 publications

Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause

Psychological and Social Aspects of Menopause

Symptoms of Depressed Mood, Disturbed Sleep, and Sexual Problems in Midlife Women: Cross-Sectional Data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Depression in the menopause transition: risks in the changing hormone milieu as observed in the general population

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