This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows:What is the association between marital transitions and physical health among people older than 60? What is the association between marital transitions and mental health among people older than 60? What is the role of gender, age, and education on the association between marital transitions and health among people older than 60? What is the influence of geographical region, housing, neighborhood, and social support on the association between marital transitions and health status among people older than 60?
condition, or issueThe world population is rapidly aging. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond.By 2050, the world's population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015 (WHO, 2018). The older people tended to have more complex health needs with a higher risk of comorbidity (≥2 concurrent diseases) (Pickard, 2018), they face special physical and mental health challenges which need to be recognized (WHO, 2017).Common conditions in older age include hearing loss, cataracts, and refractive errors, back and neck pain and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes (Jaul & Barron, 2017; WHO, 2018). A study data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study involving 6754 subjects, the results showed that 42% people had at least one chronic disease, 17% had two or more diseases at the same time; the top three diseases of prevalence were hypertension (15.4%), arthritis or rheumatism (11.0%), and stomach or digestive diseases (9.3%) (Fan et al., 2021). The data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 through 2012 showed that the prevalence of multimorbidity in adults aged 65 or older was 67%, especially in hypertension and arthritis (Jindai et al., 2016). A study based on the Longitudinal Survey on Senior's Health and Health Services Use linked to health-Adm data, the result showed that multimorbidity was very high in old people in Quebec, with an estimated prevalence of up to 95.9% (Gontijo Guerra et al., 2019). A systematic review included a total of 52 articles (45 studies) that reported data among >60 million older people in 30 higher-income countries, the overall prevalence of multimorbidity was 66.1% (interquartile range [IQR]: 54.4-76.6) (Ofori-Asenso et al., 2018). Mental health has an impact on physical health and vice versa. For example, the older people with physical