“…Group level factors have also been discussed through examination of interventions to aid the acculturation of international students. Further aspects of the models need to be investigated in relation to international students, such as individual factors occurring prior to and/or during acculturation including motivation (see Chirkov, Safdar, de Guzman, & Playford, 2008;Chirkov, Vansteenkiste, Tao, & Lynch, 2007) and the emerging area of attachment style (see Brisset, et al, 2010;Wang & Mallinckrodt, 2006), as individual variables are peripheral predictor variables in Berry, Ward et al, Safdar et al, and Arends-Toth and van de Vijver's models.…”