Psychological Consequences of Spinal Injury: A Review of the Literature

Craig, Ashley; Hancock, Karen; Dickson, Hugh G; Martin, James C.; Chang, Esther

doi:10.3109/00048679009077711

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…72 Sex has been found to be relevant in that females are more accepting of SCI than males, even controlling for the discrepant percentages of males and females suering injury. 73 Certain personality traits have been found to be associated with a favourable outcome. Those patients who believe that they have a high degree of personal control over events, situations and health (Internal Locus of Control) experience less psychological distress than those who believe that they have little personal control (External Locus of Control) over their situation.…”

Section: Factors Predicting Favourable Psychological Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

The psychological effects of spinal cord injury: a review

North

1999

Spinal Cord

135

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually necessitates considerable changes in the life of an individual, and their family members. SCI may demand dicult psychological adjustment and in addition place great strain on family roles and relationships. Glass (1993) summarises the situation thus:`The experience of spinal cord injury is one of the most devastating injuries which might aect an individual. The resultant disability, after which normal cognitive function and intellectual ability usually remains, produces not only an inability to move and feel limbs, but also the inability to control the function of internal organs and even, in severe cases, the ability to breathe independently.' 1

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Section: Factors Predicting Favourable Psychological Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

The psychological effects of spinal cord injury: a review

North

1999

Spinal Cord

135

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“…A further limitation of psychological research into SCI is that very few studies have utilised control groups. The importance 308 INFLUENCE OF SPINAL CORD INJURY TWO YEARS AFTER INJURY of addressing these issues has been discussed extensively in previous publications [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Influence of Spinal Cord Injury on Coping Styles and Self-Perceptions Two Years after the Injury

Craig

Hancock

Chang

1994

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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This study is a two year follow-up of previous longitudinal research which investigated the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on perceptions of control, self-esteem and coping styles over the first year of SCI. Persons with SCI and a demographically matched able-bodied control group completed standardised questionnaires on four occasions over two years. The instruments included the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (LCB), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and an adapted Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC), which measures coping styles, including fighting spirit, helplessness/hopelessness and fatalism. Results obtained in the first year were replicated in the two year data, except for the LCB Scale. After one year, the SCI group were found to perceive their life to be externally controlled, to be lower in self-esteem, and have more helpless/hopeless and fatalistic attitudes than the controls. There were no differences in self esteem and coping styles after two years for the SCI group. However, locus of control fluctuated over the two years, though there was a trend for the SCI group to be more externally focussed. There were no significant interactions between group and time. Implications for the adjustment of SCI persons are discussed.

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“…An estimated 30% of individuals still experience depression or anxiety at 2 years after injury. 5 Suicide rates are two to six times higher in populations with SCI than in community populations. 6 In addition to clinical depression and anxiety, SCI has been shown to have a signi®cant impact on a variety of other areas of psychological functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of coping on emotional adjustment to spinal cord injury (SCI): review of the literature and application of a stress appraisal and coping formulation

2001

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Objectives: This article reviews literature examining the psychological adjustment to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and illustrates the applicability of a Stress Appraisal and Coping model (SAC) for rehabilitation of this population. Method: Articles concerning psychological adjustment to SCI from the previous three decades have been reviewed and critiqued. When possible the articles have been discussed in a SAC framework. Results: The literature indicates that psychological adjustment to SCI is largely predictable from psychological variables including coping, appraisal and psychosocial resources. Recent literature has suggested psychological intervention can promote positive psychological adjustment following SCI for those individuals at risk of developing clinical levels of depression. Conclusion:The SAC model provides a comprehensive formulation to incorporate the heterogeneity of populations with SCI. Suggestions for future research include developing assessment and treatment regimes speci®cally tailored to the strengths and weaknesses of an individual as highlighted in the model. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 615 ± 627

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Psychological Consequences of Spinal Injury: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

The psychological effects of spinal cord injury: a review

The psychological effects of spinal cord injury: a review

The Influence of Spinal Cord Injury on Coping Styles and Self-Perceptions Two Years after the Injury

The impact of coping on emotional adjustment to spinal cord injury (SCI): review of the literature and application of a stress appraisal and coping formulation

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