Psychological Distress and Intrusive Thoughts in Cancer Patients

Baider, Lea; De‐Nour, Atara Kaplan

doi:10.1097/00005053-199705000-00010

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Specifically, the IES-A did not contribute a significant increment of unique variance to the final model (beta = .045; t_< 1.00; sr 2 = .005) whereas the IES-I did (beta =.285; t = 4.51; sr 2 = .05). This finding is consistent with previous literature (e.g., Baider & De-Nour, 1997;Cordova et al, 1995) showing zero or weak relationships between avoidant thoughts/behaviors and psychological distress. As before, all of the remaining variables were significantly associated (p < .05) with depressive symptoms in the final regression Depressive Symptoms and Cancer 16 model.…”

Section: Follow-up Analysessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As a result, existing measures of traumatic stress such as the Impact of Events Scale (IES; Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979) have been modified for cancer populations (changing the word "event" on the original scale to "disease" or "cancer"). Much of the research examining cancer stress has, in fact, used the IES to examine the frequency or severity of trauma-related intrusive cognitions and avoidant behaviors, and their relationships to psychological outcomes (Baider & De-Nour, 1997;Cordova et al, 1995;Schwartz, Lerman, Miller, Daly, & Masny, 1995). There are consistent, positive relationships between intrusive thoughts and severity of psychological distress (e.g., patients at high risk for cancer, Schwartz et al, 1995), and weak, if any, relationships between avoidant thoughtstoehaviors and psychological distress (for breast cancer patients, see Baider & De-Nour, 1997or Cordova et al, 1995; for parents of pediatric cancer patients, see Hall & Baum, 1995).…”

Section: Subjective Stress (Perceptions)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on past research, IES-A was entered before IES-I because of its weaker relationship with psychological outcomes (e.g., Baider & De-Nour, 1997;Cordova et al, 1995). Results from this follow-up analysis indicate that, 54% of the variance (total adjusted R 2 = .527) in depressive symptoms was accounted for by the HMR, F(6, 209) = 39.83, E < .0001.…”

Section: Follow-up Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social Support and Endocrine Function: A Randomized Trial with Breast Cancer Patients

Golden-Kreutz¹

2000

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any othef aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of , Washington. DC 20503 AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)2. REPORT DATE August 2000 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal (1 Aug 97 -31 Jul 00) TITLE AND SUBTITLE Social Support and Endocrine Function: with Breast Cancer PatientsA Randomized Trial AUTHOR(S)Deanna Golden-Kreutz, Ph.D. FUNDING NUMBERSDAMD17-97-1-7062 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)The Ohio State University Research Foundation Columbus, Ohio 43210-1063 E-MAIL:golden-kreut/,l@o,si),edii PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel CommandFort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)While there is clear evidence that psychological/behavioral interventions with cancer patients provide adjustment and coping benefits (Mark & Meyer, 1995) as well as positive immune and survival benefits (Fawzy et al., 1993;Speigel et al., 1989), the mechanisms for the benefits of such groups are not clearly understood. We propose that one of the mechanisms for the success of intervention groups may be through the provision of social support. Thus, by receiving needed support, patients may be buffered or protected from the more negative effects of the cancer Stressor (e.g., depressive symptoms, Spiker, Trijsburg, & Duivenvoorden, 1997; and immune downregulation, Andersen et al., 1998). Therefore, we are studying the impact of a psychological/behavioral intervention with 231 breast cancer patients, using treatment (intervention) and control (no intervention) arms, on social support and endocrine responses.We found (1) The intervention participants do not have significantly higher levels of social support than the assessment only subjects. Although there are trends that suggest that the intervention participants maintain support levels while the assessment only subjects report lower support over time. (2) The intervention participants do have significantly lower levels of stress hormones than the assessment only subjects. Furthermore, psychological stress (ie., perceived stress and life events), across groups, is associated with depressive symptoms. (3) There is no support for the stress buffering hypothesis of social support in this sample. In fact, those women who belong to 1 or mor...

show abstract

Section: Follow-up Analysessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Subjective Stress (Perceptions)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Follow-up Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Social Support and Endocrine Function: A Randomized Trial with Breast Cancer Patients

Golden-Kreutz¹

2000

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to previous studies of cancer stress (Baider & De-Nour, 1997;Butler, Koopman, Classen, & Spiegel, 1999;Cordova et al, 1995), items were slightly reworded to ensure respondents focused on cancer-related thoughts and behaviors. Total scores can range from 0 to 65, with higher scores reflecting greater cancer-related stress.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies used in coping with a cancer diagnosis predict meaning in life for survivors.

Jim¹,

Richardson²,

Golden-Kreutz³

et al. 2006

Health Psychology

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The search for meaning in life is part of the human experience. A negative life event may threaten perceptions about meaning in life, such as the benevolence of the world and one's sense of harmony and peace. The authors examined the longitudinal relationship between women's coping with a diagnosis of breast cancer and their self-reported meaning in life 2 years later. Multiple regression analyses revealed that positive strategies for coping predicted significant variance in the sense of meaning in life-feelings of inner peace, satisfaction with one's current life and the future, and spirituality and faith-and the absence of such strategies predicted reports of loss of meaning and confusion (ps < .01). The importance and process of finding meaning in the context of a life stressor are discussed. Keywordscoping; meaning in life; survivor; breast cancer Human beings are motivated to find meaning in their lives (Frankl, 1959(Frankl, /1963. At no time is this more evident than in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Events that pose physical harm or death can shatter one's schemas of a just, purposeful world and an invulnerable self (JanoffBulman, 1989). A cancer diagnosis is one such event (e.g., Alter et al., 1996;Cordova et al., 1995). The diagnosis brings acute emotional distress (Andersen, Anderson, & deProsse, 1989;Epping-Jordan et al., 1999;Maunsell, Brisson, & Deschenes, 1992), and individuals struggle with questions about why the disease struck them, its significance for their future, and the changes that may follow. If patients can somehow answer these questions or address these issues, improved adjustment may follow. Several cross-sectional studies show that patients who report more meaning in their life in the wake of their cancer diagnosis also report less distress (Lewis, 1989; Vickberg, Bovbjerg, Du-Hamel, Currie, & Redd, 2000;Vickberg et al., 2001), though the causal ordering in the relationship is not clear.In the past, the varied conceptualizations of meaning in life-from one's attitude in the face of suffering (Frankl, 1959(Frankl, /1963) to a life story with oneself as the protagonist (Thompson & Janigian, 1988)-have made systematic study of meaning difficult. Theorists have suggested that meaning in life may be a multidimensional construct. One dimension may be satisfaction with "the network of people or things that comprise the immediate world" (Weisman & Worden, 1976, p. 3). For example, Frankl (1959/1963 suggested that meaning in life comes from interactions with the immediate world, the encounters and experiences one takes from the world, and the contributions one makes in return. A second dimension of meaning in life (Garfield, 1973;Hutzell, 1986;Reker & Wong, 1988). Feelings of harmony and integration with life may be important to this dimension (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982). A third dimension may be the belief that life, and human life in particular, fits into an overall pattern that exists superior to the individual (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982;Yalom, 1980). This may encompass reli...

show abstract

“…Some investigators have shown that both factors are associated with poorer adjustment (e.g., Brewin, Watson, McCarthy, Hyman, & Dayson, 1998;Davis, De-Nour, Shouval, & Melmed, 1998). However, others have shown that level of intrusions is a stronger predictor of distress than is avoidance (e.g., Baider & De-Nour, 1997;Koslowsky, Solomon, Bleich, & Laor, 1996), and still others have shown that level of intrusions is associated with distress, whereas avoidance is not (e.g., McFarlane, 1992). There is also some controversy over the temporal ordering of avoidance and intrusive thoughts.…”

Section: Cognitive Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking facilitates cognitive–emotional processes of adaptation to an acute stressor.

Lepore¹,

Ragan²,

Jones³

2000

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

272

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The authors examined the influence of talking and the social context of talking on cognitive-emotional processes of adjustment to stressors. Two hundred fifty-six undergraduates viewed a stressful stimulus and were then assigned to a no-talk control condition or 1 of 3 talk conditions: talk alone, talk to a validating confederate, or talk to an invalidating confederate. Two days later, they were reexposed to the stressor. Compared with individuals in the no-talk condition, those in the talk alone and validate conditions had a lower level of intrusive thoughts in the 2-day interim, and they had lower perceived stress when reexposed to the stressor. The effects of talking and validation on perceived stress appeared to be mediated by lowered intrusions. The benefits of talking were diluted when disclosures were invalidated. These findings suggest that talking about acute stressors can facilitate adjustment to stressors through cognitive resolution.A timely utterance gave that thought relief, and I again am strong ---William Wordsworth, "Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood" Poets, laypersons, and psychologists alike believe that there are benefits of talking about negative emotional experiences. There is a strong tendency for people to talk about aversive events (Rime, 1995), and disclosure of stressful experiences is the cornerstone of many psychotherapeutic interventions (Stiles, 1995). Empirical evidence suggests that "opening up" and expressing stress-related thoughts and feelings is associated with improved physical and mental health (

show abstract

Psychological Distress and Intrusive Thoughts in Cancer Patients

Cited by 61 publications

References 9 publications

Social Support and Endocrine Function: A Randomized Trial with Breast Cancer Patients

Social Support and Endocrine Function: A Randomized Trial with Breast Cancer Patients

Strategies used in coping with a cancer diagnosis predict meaning in life for survivors.

Talking facilitates cognitive–emotional processes of adaptation to an acute stressor.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About