Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Pregnant Women and New Mothers Living in a US Hotspot

Nomura, Yoko; Kittler, Phyllis; Taveras, Shantal; Sie, Sheow Yun; Nelson, E. L.; Davey, Katherine; Kaushal, Riya; Rajendran, Khushmand; Gordon, Anne; Shereen, A. Duke; Phan, Ha

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-669031/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Feeling unprepared for labor and delivery was found to be associated with medical vulnerability (e.g., chronic illness or having a high-risk pregnancy), changes to prenatal care, and not having access to outdoor space (Preis et al, 2020). In a cross-sectional sample of pregnant women and new mothers, Nomura et al (2021) found that concurrent suicidal ideation and substance use was highest in women who tested positive for the virus, and that levels of distress were highest for women in the third trimester and postpartum periods. Fear of the baby contracting COVID-19, lack of social support, and higher levels of pregnancy-specific anxiety have been found to be associated with poorer overall mental health (Pope et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal–prenatal stress and depression predict infant temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic

2022

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Researchers have begun to examine the psychological toll of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. Data are now emerging indicating that there may be long-term adverse effects of the pandemic on new mothers and on children born during this period. In a longitudinal study of maternal mental health and child emotional development during the pandemic, we conducted online assessments of a cohort of women at two time points: when they were pregnant at the beginning of the surge of the pandemic in the United States (baseline, N = 725), and approximately 1 year postpartum (follow-up, N = 296), examining prenatal and postnatal maternal mental health, prenatal pandemic-related stress, and infant temperament. Pandemic-related stress at baseline was associated with concurrent depressive symptoms and infant negative affect at follow-up. Baseline maternal depressive symptoms were associated with follow-up depressive symptoms, which in turn were also associated with infant negative affect. Pandemic-related stress during pregnancy may have enduring effects on infant temperament. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the emotional development of children who were in utero during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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confidence: 99%

Maternal–prenatal stress and depression predict infant temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic

2022

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“…Postpartum women face stressful physiological and emotional changes, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruptive impact on access to postnatal care, isolation, and pandemic uncertainty [ 18 ]. Isolation and uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic yielded high rates of psychological distress in adults, including increases in panic and anxiety disorders, and increased depression symptomology [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal substance use, including both alcohol and drug use, increased in 39.2% of mothers of children ages 0–8 years-old since the onset of COVID-19 [ 23 ]. A study in New York investigated substance use for pregnant and mothers who had given birth in the prior 12 months between April and June 2020, revealing high prevalence rates of substance use for tobacco (20.7%), cannabis (15.0%), and alcohol use (38.0%) [ 18 ]. These rates are high in comparison to the prevalence rates from a study conducted in 2017 which showed lower rates for tobacco (14.7%), cannabis (7.1%), and alcohol use (11.5%) among pregnant women [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Depression in Postpartum Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Social Support Buffer Psychosocial Risks and Substance Use?

Howard

Leong

Chambless

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Rates of mood disorders and substance use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic for postpartum women. The present study’s aims were to: (1) examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) evaluate whether social support can buffer the associations between MDD, psychosocial factors (perceived stress, generalized anxiety, and intimate partner violence) and substance use (alcohol and drug use). A nationwide survey included 593 postpartum mothers (within 12 months from birth). Participants were assessed for a provisional diagnosis of MDD, and provided responses on validated instruments measuring stress, intimate partner violence, suicidal ideation, generalized anxiety, social support, and substance use. A hierarchical logistic regression model assessed the association of psychosocial factors and substance use with MDD. The final model shows that social support attenuates the association of MDD with perceived stress, alcohol use, and drug use, but does not buffer the relationship of MDD with anxiety or intimate partner violence. Social support was shown to significantly attenuate the effects of stress, alcohol use, and drug use on MDD, suggesting that the presence of a strong, supportive social network should be an area of increased focus for public health and healthcare professionals when caring for postpartum women.

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“…Feeling unprepared for labor and delivery was associated with medical vulnerability (e.g., chronic illness or having a high-risk pregnancy), changes to prenatal care, and not having access to outdoor space (Preis et al, 2020). In a cross-sectional sample of pregnant women and new mothers, Nomura et al (2021) found that suicidal ideation and substance use was highest in women who became infected with the virus, and that levels of distress were highest for women in the 3 rd trimester and postpartum periods. Finally, fear of the baby contracting COVID-19, lack of social support, and higher levels of pregnancy-specific anxiety have been found to be associated with poorer overall mental health (Pope et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Prenatal Somatization, Postnatal Depression, and Offspring Temperament During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Buthmann¹,

Gotlib²

2021

Preprint

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Background. Researchers have begun to examine the psychological toll of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. Data are now emerging indicating that there may be long-term adverse effects of the pandemic on new mothers and on children born during this period. Methods. In a longitudinal study of maternal mental health and child emotional development during the pandemic, we conducted online assessments of a cohort of women at two time points: when they were pregnant at the beginning of the surge of the pandemic in the United States (N=725), and approximately one year postpartum (N=296), examining prenatal and postnatal maternal mental health symptoms and infant temperament. Results. Prenatal maternal symptoms of somatization, the number of people in the household with COVID-19 symptoms, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms all were positively associated with infant negative affect. Further, postnatal maternal depressive symptoms mediated the relation between prenatal maternal symptoms of somatization and infant negative affect. Conclusions. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the persistence of mental health symptoms in potentially vulnerable groups and of the emotional development of children who were in utero during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Pregnant Women and New Mothers Living in a US Hotspot

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Maternal–prenatal stress and depression predict infant temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic

Maternal–prenatal stress and depression predict infant temperament during the COVID-19 pandemic

Major Depression in Postpartum Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Social Support Buffer Psychosocial Risks and Substance Use?

Maternal Prenatal Somatization, Postnatal Depression, and Offspring Temperament During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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