Psychological Functioning of Obese Individuals

Abstract

This review found that obese individuals in the general population have essentially normal psychological functioning. Obese women, however, are at greater risk than obese men of depression and related complications. Binge eating and extreme obesity further increase the likelihood of patients reporting emotional complications. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may be of benefit in this subset of individuals.Adults with type 2 diabetes are 50-250% more likely than those without diabetes to suffer from depression.1 Depression may be attributable to hyperglycemia, 2 diabetesrelated health complications, 3 or more broadly, the stress of living with a chronic health condition. Obesity, another chronic condition, commonly co-occurs with type 2 diabetes. Nearly half of all people with type 2 diabetes are obese (i.e., have a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ), and two-thirds have a BMI of at least 27 kg/m 2 . 4This article reviews the psychosocial correlates of obesity with special emphasis on mood disturbance. We begin by examining two factors-prejudice and discrimination-that would appear likely to contribute to depression and other adverse emotions in obese individuals. We then review the prevalence of mood disturbances among obese individuals, with particular attention to risk factors-including sex, presence of binge eating, and degree of obesity-that may increase the likelihood that a patient will pre-

Randomized Controlled Trials of the D1/D5 Antagonist Ecopipam for Weight Loss in Obese Subjects

“…Depression has been reported to range up to 48% for these individuals and to increase as the severity of obesity increases (33,34). Obese women are also 20% more likely to report suicidal ideation and 23% more likely to have made a suicide attempt in the last year than non-obese women (35), whereas obese men generally have not been found at risk to experience suicidal ideation or suicide attempts (36). In the Phase 3 studies with ecopipam, reports of suicidal ideation during the double-blind phase of treatment were twice as common in men than in women; however, the relatively low incidence of suicidal ideation in these studies makes it too speculative to draw a general conclusion about sex differences.…”

Aspectos psicológicos na obesidade mórbida: Avaliação dos níveis de ansiedade, depressão e do auto-conceito em obesos que vão ser submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

“…Por um lado, é fundamental repensar a avaliação dos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica salientando-se a importância de um maior acompanhamento por parte destes sujeitos ao longo de todo o processo. A maioria dos pesquisadores defende a posição de cautela na generalização sobre o aspecto psicopatológico na obesidade (Fabricatore & Wadden, 2003;Wajner, 2000). O importante é perceber quando e como a psicopatologia aparece e que papel ela desempenha, dependendo de cada caso.…”

Contextualizing the Effects of Yoga Therapy on Diabetes Management

“…[73][74][75] Documented correlates of weight-based discrimination include healthcare avoidance, depression, and low self-esteem. [76][77][78][79][80][81][82] The literature regarding the influence of weight-based discrimination on health-related outcomes is accumulating, but measures used to assess the phenomenon have been categorical and, in some cases, dichotomous, which limits data analysis. Even so, it is important to note the findings from a large study of a convenience sample, indicating that more than 20% of women and 17% of men report weight-related mistreatment, not only from their spouse or loved one but also from strangers.…”