Psychological science’s replicability crisis and what it means for science in the courtroom

Chin, Jason

doi:10.31228/osf.io/afrz4

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The goal of the first experiment was to replicate and extend findings from the field study by Horry et al (). Because of the current replicability crisis in psychological science (e.g., Chin, ; Nosek et al & Open Science Collaboration, ; Pashler & Wagenmakers, ; but see Gilbert, King, Pettigrew, & Wilson, ), such experiments are particularly important. Horry et al presented their target standing passively for 10 s, 10 m away from adults in the local community.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Backloading Instructions on Eyewitness Identification from Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups

Carlson

Weatherford

et al. 2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The sequential lineup is multifaceted, including serial presentation of faces, multiple decisions, and often backloading (indicating to an eyewitness that a lineup contains more photos than there actually are). We evaluated the effect of backloading instructions on response bias and sensitivity with an eyewitness identification paradigm. Importantly, we included an 'undisclosed' condition that provided no information to participants about the number of lineup members to expect. Experiment 1 (N = 780) tested sequential lineups; Experiment 2 (N = 532) tested simultaneous lineups. As predicted, signal detection analysis showed that backloading induced participants to be more conservative in choosing from both lineup types, but did not affect d′. We conclude that the criminal justice system should be mindful of this shift in response bias, as it has implications for both guilty and innocent suspect identifications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Backloading Instructions on Eyewitness Identification from Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups

Carlson

Weatherford

et al. 2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…Each case is unique and should be analyzed with caution and with respect to the discrete circumstances of disclosure and interviewing. It is therefore vital that experts in court are aware of the state‐of‐the‐art findings in, for example, the area of eyewitness memory and false memory .…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Children are the Least Vulnerable to False Memories: A True Report or a Case of Autosuggestion?

Brackmann

Otgaar

Sauerland

et al. 2015

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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In this case report, a legal case revolving around the reliability of statements given by a 6-year-old girl is described. She claimed to have witnessed her mother being murdered by her father. Two psychological experts provided diametrically opposed opinions about the reliability of her statements. One expert, a clinician, opined that the girl's statements were based on autosuggestion whereas the other expert, a memory researcher, stated that autosuggestion was unlikely to have played a role. This case and the analysis of the experts' opinions illustrate what may happen when experts in court are unaware of the recent literature on (false) memory. That is, recent studies show that autosuggestion is less likely to occur in young children than in older children and adults. The current case stresses the importance and implications of relying on memory experts in cases concerning the reliability of eyewitness statements.

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Wasted resources and gratuitous suffering: The failure of a security rationale for death row.

Cunningham¹,

Reidy²,

Sorensen³

2016

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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The confinement of capital punishment (death-sentenced) inmates nationwide is typified by marked interpersonal isolation and activity deprivation on segregated death rows. These supermaximum security measures are ostensibly based on an assumption that capital punishment inmates are at high risk for violence. Supermaximum confinement on death row has high costs: fiscal, staffing, and psychological. Prior research on capital punishment inmates mainstreamed in the general prison population or under conditions approximating this confinement has reported low violence rates. This study provided a 25-year follow-up on the Missouri Department of Corrections unique policy of “mainstreaming” capital punishment inmates into the general population of the Potosi Correctional Center (PCC). Findings remained consistent in showing that mainstreamed capital punishment inmates (N = 85) had equivalent or lower rates of violent misconduct than inmates serving life-without-parole (N = 702) or term-sentences (N = 3,000). The failure of assumptions of high violence risk undergirding death row has important public policy and correctional implications.

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Psychological science’s replicability crisis and what it means for science in the courtroom

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

The Effect of Backloading Instructions on Eyewitness Identification from Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups

The Effect of Backloading Instructions on Eyewitness Identification from Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups

When Children are the Least Vulnerable to False Memories: A True Report or a Case of Autosuggestion?

Wasted resources and gratuitous suffering: The failure of a security rationale for death row.

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