Psychological skills training for competitive wheelchair and amputee athletes

Hanrahan, Stephanie J.

doi:10.1080/00050069508258911

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Patrick and Hrycaiko (1998) demonstrated that a psychological skills training program consisting of relaxation, imagery rehearsal, self-talk, and goal setting was effective at improving the running performance of endurance athletes. Hanrahan (1995) reported that with wheelchair athletes, the skills of imagery, positive self-talk, and controlling problem situations had the most impact on performance out of a range of self-reported skills (e.g., goal setting, arousal control, concentration and attention-development skills, self-confidence, imagery, self-talk, competition preparation, and problem-situation control). Furthermore, such MST packages, when combined with regular physical training, have demonstrated a high rate of success in sport (Patrick & Hrycaiko;Thelwell & Greenlees, 2001;Thelwell & Maynard, 2003).…”

Section: Randolph Collegementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Mental Skills Training Package on Equestrians

Blakeslee¹,

Goff²

2007

The Sport Psychologist

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The present study examined the effectiveness of a mental skills training (MST) package employing relaxation, imagery, goal setting, and self-talk (strategies for improving performance and perceptions through cognitive-somatic techniques) on equestrian performance. A stratified random sample of 17 competitive collegiate horseback riders participated in this study: 8 received MST and 9 were controls. Riders' goal orientation was also assessed and used to determine if there might be a relationship with performance change over time. Assessment of participants via performance in 2 horse shows revealed no interaction effect for group by time in either flat or show-jumping performance, but there was a significant main effect of time for performance improvement. Riders demonstrated a dominant mastery-approach goal orientation as hypothesized, but no significant correlations with performance change emerged. Findings do not rule out MST as a possible performance enhancing technique, but more research is needed to assess nomothetic MST package effects.

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Section: Randolph Collegementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Mental Skills Training Package on Equestrians

Blakeslee¹,

Goff²

2007

The Sport Psychologist

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“…Finally, as mentioned in the Methods section, the authors would have included four other relevant and vigorous works were it not for the fact that the study populations had mixed disability conditions. [14][15][16][17] It is important that data on the limb-absent subjects is extrapolated, defined and reported separately from that of people with different conditions in order that conclusions and recommendations can be clearly gleaned for each special population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies testing mixed populations with disabilities were excluded unless amputeespecific data and findings could be extracted. This did exclude otherwise relevant papers [14][15][16][17] but focuses the review on the experiences of the prosthesis user. No date restrictions were put on the search and studies were included regardless of participant numbers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations and barriers to prosthesis users participation in physical activity, exercise and sport

Deans

Burns²,

McGarry

et al. 2012

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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Background: The UK will host the Paralympics in 2012 and the Commonwealth Games in 2014 showcasing the talents of elite athletes and aiming to inspire the population to become involved. However, low levels of physical activity are prevalent: only 40% of men and 28% of women meet the minimum UK physical activity recommendations. The population of people with limb absence is no exception. Objectives: To determine if people with amputation are participating in physical activity and sport; whether post-amputation activity levels match pre-amputation levels; and if there are motivations and barriers to participation. Study Design: Literature review. Methods: Five reviewers systematically searched all peer reviewed and gray literature in seven bibliographic databases and the Cochrane Library. Results: Following rigorous elimination, 12 articles were finally included in the review and critically appraised. Four themes were identified: components; rehabilitation outcomes; body image; and motivations and barriers to participation. Conclusion: People with limb absence are not participating in physical activity conducive to health benefits, and only a minority participate in exercise and sports. Participation following amputation does not mirror that of pre-amputation levels, and more barriers than motivations exist to adopting or maintaining a physically active lifestyle. Clinical relevance This literature review aims to inform those involved in rehabilitation and ongoing care of those with limb absence about what motivates or precludes their participation in physical activity, exercise and sport. Such knowledge could be applied to improving health and wellbeing in this population.

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“…This group is beginning to achieve some recognition in research and practice from Australian sport psychologists (e.g. papers by Hanrahan, 1995, andKirkby, 1995b, in this issue;Perry, 1993).…”

Section: Future Directions For Sport Psychology In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport psychology in Australia: A profession established

Morris

1995

Australian Psychologist

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The Board of Sport Psychologists was established in the Australian Psychological Society in 1991 with the aim to promote sport psychology as a profession in Australia. It has attempted to achieve this in a number of ways. The Board has supported a four (undergraduate) plus two (specialist coursework masters) plus two (specialist supervised practice) training model, and produced guidelines for course approvals of specialist masters courses. Four course‐work masters programs now have students. Career opportunities represent an important issue for board promotion, with only seven sport psychologists currently employed in the sports institutes and few in private practice, although positions in the tertiary sector have increased from 9 to 20 in the last two years. Research in this area appears well established, with more than 50 Australian‐based contributions to articles in the four major sport psychology journals since 1987. Rapid increases in research student numbers in the 1990s are likely to build on this publication base. From 1990 to 1994, masters and doctoral students increased from 17 to 66 in the five universities with well‐established research programs in sport psychology. The Board has produced an ethics document, and this combined with specialist training will assist in the promotion of appropriate standards of practice in sport psychology. It is proposed that the establishment of the Board has played a major role in enhancing the professional and academic status of sport psychology. There is further potential for development of the discipline and the profession in Australia through the activities of the Board of Sport Psychologists.

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Psychological skills training for competitive wheelchair and amputee athletes

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

The Effects of a Mental Skills Training Package on Equestrians

The Effects of a Mental Skills Training Package on Equestrians

Motivations and barriers to prosthesis users participation in physical activity, exercise and sport

Sport psychology in Australia: A profession established

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