“…A literature review yielded a total of five studies that have investigated the psychological functioning or QOL of individuals with RCC (Capuron, Ravaud, Miller, & Dantzer, 2004;Clark et al, 2001;Cohen, de Moor, Parker, & Amato, 2002;Ficarra et al, 2002;Heinzer, Mir, Huland, & Huland, 1999). The strengths of these studies notwithstanding, all five investigations focused exclusively on psychological or QOL differences between patients receiving different forms of treatment for either localized or metastatic RCC.…”