Psychological, Structural, Social and Economic Determinants of Suicide Attempt: Risk Assessment and Decision Making Strategies

Abstract

The aim of this research was to conduct a risk assessment and management of psychological, structural, social and economic determinants (PSSED) in a suicide attempt. The sample consisted of 353 individuals who had a recorded history of suicidal attempt; and 20 professional individuals by purposive sampling method within a descriptive cross-sectional design. Worksheets for RAM and AHP were used for data collection in this study. The rate of suicide attempt was 7.21 per 100,000 population in this study. Analysis showed that depression and mental disorders; personality disorders; family problems; socio-cultural and economic problems; lack of awareness; and low level of education have a high level of risk for suicide attempts. Psychiatric and psychological services; awareness and knowledge of life skills; medical services to dysfunctional families; development of community-based planning for PSSED of suicide; and employment and entrepreneurship services may lower suicide attempt risk.

Mental Health Nursing Student’s Perception of Clinical Simulation about Patients at Risk of Suicide: A Qualitative Study

“…These interventions are aimed at people at risk and imply the need for training of nursing professionals in the management of these behaviors [ 12 , 13 ]. To address suicide risk and prevention, it is crucial to detect risk factors such as the presence of mental disorders [ 5 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 ], history of previous suicide attempts [ 5 , 12 , 14 , 15 ], advanced age [ 15 ], substance abuse [ 5 , 16 ], family problems [ 14 ] and conflicting relationships, socio-cultural and economic problems [ 14 ], use of psychotropic drugs [ 15 ], social isolation [ 11 , 12 ], access to lethal means [ 15 ], and hopelessness [ 12 ] are the most relevant risk factors since they represent a danger for the development of this behavior, as well as the elements that provide security for life maintenance. In addition, the causes that may precipitate suicidal behavior should be identified.…”

“…This training should be included in undergraduate education, and it is essential to provide nursing students with specialized knowledge on early detection of warning signs, suicide risk assessment, communication skills, empathy, active listening, and intervention strategies [ 10 , 14 ]. This training not only enables them to recognize risk and protective factors, but also enables them to provide a supportive, understanding, and caring environment that is essential in the process of recovery and suicide prevention, which can contribute to comprehensive care that is sensitive to the emotional and psychological needs of patients at risk of suicide [ 16 ].…”

Mental Health Nursing Student’s Perception of Clinical Simulation about Patients at Risk of Suicide: A Qualitative Study

“…[5,11] Addressing this problem requires a comprehensive perspective of prevention, [5] based on multiple interventions that act both at the collective and individual level that has been changing according to culture, religion and intellectual principles of history [11,12] These interventions are aimed at people at risk and imply the need for training of nursing professionals in the management of these behaviors. [12,13] To address suicide risk and prevention, it is crucial to detect risk factors such as the presence of mental disorders, [5,11,12,14,15] history of previous suicide attempts, [5,12,14,15] advanced age, [15] substance abuse, [5,16] family problems [14] and conflicting relationships, sociocultural and economic problems, [14] use of psychotropic drugs, [15] social isolation, [11,12] access to lethal means, [15] and hopelessness [12] are the most relevant risk factors, since they represent a danger for the development of this behavior, as well as the elements that provide security for life maintenance. In addition, the causes that may precipitate suicidal behavior should be identified.…”

“…[19,23] This training should be included in undergraduate education, and it is essential to provide nursing students with specialized knowledge on early detection of warning signs, suicide risk assessment, communication skills, empathy and active listening, as well as intervention strategies. [10,14] This training not only enables them to recognize risk and protective factors, but also enables them to provide a supportive, understanding and caring environment that is essential in the process of recovery and suicide prevention, which can contribute to comprehensive care that is sensitive to the emotional and psychological needs of patients at risk of suicide. [16] Performing a mental status examination and suicide risk assessment is an important skill required of nurses when in the clinical setting.…”