A theory only thrives when it evolves. April 4th, 2013 marked the 80th birthday of the eminent Russian psychologist Oleg K. Tikhomirov. A brilliant disciple of A.R. Luria, A.N. Leontyev, B.V. Zeigarnik, and P.Ya. Galperin, he formulated the Personal Meanings Theory of thinking, a striking conception which continues to evolve today. His research record sustains and considerably develops the theses of the activity approach in psychological studies. Like B.V. Zeigarnik, he regarded thinking as a distinctive cognitive activity, Motivation as a factor affecting the efficiency of cognitive processes… 187 which was fundamentally intertwined with motivation , to heighten partiality and a poly-motivated character of human thinking (Tikhomirov, 1984; Vasilyev, Popluzhny, Tikhomirov, 1980). The correlation of personal and 'essentially intellectual processes' in problem solving lies at the core of faulty reasoning, which was fruitfully explored by O.K. Tikhomirov from the viewpoint of general psychology. The issue is of current importance for clinical psychology as well. The identification of syndrome-generating factors that call elicit cognitive disturbances dictates treatment strategies, which may be different for each patient. Hypertension (HTN) is the most frequently occurring complaint among the elderly (60-74 years) and senile (75-89 years). The number of patients suffering from HTN in these age groups approaches 50-60% (Souetre, Qing, Vigoureux, 1995; Kearney, 2005). HTN may be related to a higher risk of cerebrovascular illnesses, cardiac and renal failure or the development of ischemic heart disease. The brain is the main target in patients with HTN. Continual HTN may result in the morphologic restructuring of blood vessels and the microcirculatory blood stream. In the long run, it may lead to various brain dysfunctions that fall within a vast range of states, from clinically untraced symptoms to severe vascular dementia (Kilander, et al., 1998; Carlson & Wyss, 2011; Cohen, 2011). The latter adversely affects the quality of life of the patient and his/her treatment compliance, and brings on higher mortality (Hamer, 2010; Krzesinski & Leeman, 2011; et al.). Vascular (or subcortical) dementia is most frequent among patients with HTN. Data from clinical studies reveal that this type of dementia is characterized by memory impairment, although it only applies to short-term memory disfunctions , without clinically manifesting signs of amnesia. It brings about difficulty in the retention of words, or visual information, and handicaps the acquisition of new motor skills. Voluntary and involuntary memorization may be both affected, although involuntary memorization appears more vulnerable (Graf & Mandler, 1984). It basically affects active recall, as simple recognition of the material is preserved almost intact. Stimulation from the outside, e.g. some help in memorizing, semantic linkage in data processing, or repeated presentations of the material may help encourage memorization (Nekrasova, 1987; Huppert & Kopellman, 1989; ...