Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Patient Perceptions of Empowerment Scale (PPES)

Abstract

Objectives. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Patient Perceptions of Empowerment Scale (PPES) and to perform a cross-cultural validity assessment. Methods. In this cross-sectional survey, 554 inpatients in three general hospitals in northern Taiwan were recruited. Principal component analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the scale. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the measurement model of the Chinese version of the PPES. Results. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the presence of a second-order four-factor model (information, decision, individual, and self-management) of the Chinese version of the PPES when used with a Taiwanese inpatient population. The results indicate that the 11-item, second-order, four-factor Chinese version of the PPES provided best goodness-of-fit for the data in this study. Conclusion. The 11-item four-factor Chinese version of the PPES is a self-completion scale. This study demonstrated that the Chinese version of the PPES is a reliable and valid self-report instrument for the assessment of patient perceptions of empowerment in clinical practice. Further adaptation and evaluation of the scale will hopefully stimulate further studies on PPES in the fields of psychometrics in Taiwan.

Measuring patient empowerment – A systematic review

“…However, the PEI has been developed and tested further, confirming the two acceptable positive psychometric properties [47].…”

“…Out of the 13 instruments, nine instruments were developed for different long-term conditions [30,31,35,37,38,39,[44][45][46], and four for adults or older people [36,[41][42][43]. Some of the instruments have later been validated in different patient groups and in different languages (Table 1) [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64].…”

Patient empowerment and self‐management behaviour of chronic disease patients: A moderated mediation model of self‐efficacy and health locus of control

“…Patient empowerment was evaluated by the Chinese version of the Patient Perceptions of Empowerment Scale (CV‐PPES) developed by Yeh et al (2014), which includes 11 items for assessing the extent of empowerment education in clinical settings, including four dimensions: information (items 1–3), decision (items 4–5), personalization (items 6–8), and self‐management (items 9–11). To measure the degree of patient perception of empowerment behaviours, items are scored on a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ (1 point) to ‘strongly agree’ (5 points).…”

A Chinese version of the Patient Perceptions of Patient‐Empowering Nurse Behaviours Scale: Reliability and validity assessment in chronically ill patients

“…Yeh et al. () applied patient satisfaction as having convergent validity in their study as well. The correlation coefficient of the revised 35‐item PPPNBS‐C scores compared to the SEMCDS scores reached statistical significance criteria, although weak, speaks in favour of the hypothesis that the more perceived empowering behaviour is, the more confident the patient is likely to do certain activities related to health.…”

“…At present, most of the available empowerment‐related instruments measure outcomes such as knowledge, self‐efficacy, decision‐making and capacity to self‐manage. But few instruments were developed to measure patient perceptions of the empowerment process, and those that exist have been designed for specific condition such as for diabetes patients (Anderson, Funnell, Fitzgerald, & Marrero, ), or not only for nursing care (Yeh, Lin, & Tung, ), or lack enough quality with some psychometric properties of instruments untested (Faulkner, ). Measuring empowerment only on an outcome level fails to identify clinical nurses’ contribution to the process of patient empowerment.…”