For patients with cancer, sleep disturbance is commonplace. Using classical test theory and Rasch analyses, the present study compared two commonly used psychometric instruments for insomnia-Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)-among patients with advanced cancer. Through convenience sampling, patients with cancer at stage III or IV (n=573; 326 males; mean age=61.3 years; SD=10.7) from eight oncology units of university hospitals in Iran participated in the study. All the participants completed the AIS, ISI, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Additionally, 433 participants wore an Actigraph device for two continuous weekdays. Classical test theory and Rasch analysis both supported the construct validity for AIS (factor loadings from confirmatory factor analysis [CFA] = 0.61 to 0.87; test-retest reliability = 0.72 to 0.82; infit mean square [MnSq] = 0.81 to 1.17; outfit MnSq = 0.79 to 1.14) and for ISI (factor loadings from CFA = 0.61 to 0.81; test-retest reliability = 0.72 to 0.82; infit MnSq = 0.72 to 1.14; outfit MnSq = 0.76 to 1.11). Both AIS and ISI had significant associations with ESAS, HADS, GHQ-12, ESS, and PSQI, as well as having good sensitivity and specificity. Significant differences in the actigraphy measure were found between insomniacs and non-insomniacs based on AIS or ISI score. With promising results, healthcare providers can use either AIS or ISI to understand the insomnia of patients with advanced cancer.