Psychometric Properties of Darryl, a Cartoon Based Measure to Assess Community Violence-Related PTSD in Children

Geller, Pamela A.; Neugebauer, Richard; Possemato, Andrea; Walter, P; Dummit, E. Steven; Silva, Raul R.

doi:10.1007/s11126-006-9035-6

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The screening tool has demonstrated good internal consistency for PTSD symptomology as detailed in the DSM-IV. Studies have shown that Darryl assesses PTSD symptoms in a developmentally appropriate manner [30]. The test is designed to be used on children between the ages of 5 and 18.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms in Secondary Stalked Children of Danish Stalking Survivors—A Pilot Study

Elklit

Vangsgaard

Olsen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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There is a lack of research examining secondary stalking and its effect on children who, in many cases, can be direct targets, or secondary survivors, of the stalking of their parent. The present study examines trauma reactions in children of stalking survivors in a Danish sample. It investigates the differences and similarities of such reactions across three age groups. Fifty-seven children were divided into groups depending on their age. The symptoms of the youngest group, 0–6-year-olds, were investigated by way of a maternal diagnostic interview. The two older groups, 7–11- and 12–19-year-olds completed the age-appropriate questionnaires, “Darryl” and “HTQ”, respectively, online. Twenty-two percent of the youngest group met the criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eighty-five percent of the middle age group and 58% of the older age group met PTSD diagnostic criteria. The findings illustrate that reactions to secondary stalking were predominantly within the arousal cluster of PTSD symptomology, with sleep disturbances and irritability commonly reported. The overall prevalence of children meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria in the sample was 56%. Future studies will benefit from larger samples and from knowledge of any pre-existing relationship between parent and stalker.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms in Secondary Stalked Children of Danish Stalking Survivors—A Pilot Study

Elklit

Vangsgaard

Olsen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Consistent with previous studies of American children (Geller et al , ; Neugebauer et al , ), the Darryl exhibited good internal consistency for the full scale and adequate reliability for the symptom subscales in this sample of Danish children and adolescents. Furthermore, this study found support for the construct and criterion validity of Darryl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms of avoidance for children and adolescents include a sense of foreshortened future, where they believe they will not live long enough to become adults (Terr, ). Verbalizing and detecting avoidance symptoms can be difficult especially for younger children (Geller et al , ) and often information is needed from teachers or parents to establish the presence of these symptoms. Hyperarousal symptoms for children and adolescents include insomnia, irritability, and difficulties in concentrating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original study which examined the reliability and validity of the Darryl in a non‐clinical sample of 110 children (aged seven to nine) found that it had an excellent overall internal consistency ( α = 0.92) and was significantly associated with child ( r = 0.48, p < 0.0001) and adult ( r = 0.29, p < 0.006) reports of exposure to community violence. Using a sample of 49 children and adolescents from an outpatient psychiatry clinic, Geller et al () found that the Darryl had demonstrated excellent internal consistency ( r = 0.90). Furthermore, overall scores of the Darryl were significantly correlated with the overall scores of the Child's Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder – Reaction Index ( r = 0.64, p = 0.001) and the child measure of exposure to violence ( rho = 0.28, p < 0.05).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the PTSD screening cartoon test “Darryl” in a Danish clinical sample of children and adolescents

Løkkegaard

Rønholt²,

Karsberg

et al. 2016

Int J Methods Psych Res

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The current study examined the reliability and validity of a Danish adaptation of "Darryl", a cartoon-based measure of DSM-IV symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of Danish children and adolescents. Exposure to potentially traumatizing events, PTSD symptoms and diagnostic status were assessed in 65 children between the ages of 7 and 17 years old. Participants were recruited from a crisis centre for battered women and a school for children with emotional and behavioural problems. The study revealed that Darryl has good internal consistency for the overall scale and adequate reliability for each DSM-IV symptom cluster. Scores from Darryl were significantly correlated with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA) scores and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that it could significantly predict the presence of a PTSD diagnosis according to the CAPS-CA. In comparison to the CAPS-CA, Darryl has comparable psychometric properties and assesses PTSD symptoms in a developmentally appropriate manner. Furthermore, Darryl is quick to administer and was easier for the children in this sample to comprehend than the more traditional measure of PTSD. Overall, Darryl is an effective instrument for screening children at risk of a PTSD diagnosis. The relatively high specificity suggests that screening positive for PTSD using Darryl merits further diagnostic assessment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Darryl's cartoon test is a screening tool used to identify and measure PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents [44,50]. The test consists of 23 cartoons of a pre-adolescent boy named Darryl, accompanied by three empty, half-full, and full thermometers.…”

Section: Child Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children with severe epilepsy

Jakobsen

Elklit

2021

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Objectives: To assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children with severe epilepsy and the associations of trauma symptoms across age, comorbid symptoms, epilepsy-specific factors, parental resources, and psychopathology. Methods: Fifty children with severe epilepsy across three different age groups (0-5 yrs., 6-12 yrs., 13-18 yrs.) were assessed with developmental-sensitive and standardized PTSD assessment tools when hospitalized at the tertiary epilepsy center Filadelfia, Denmark. The Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment (DIPA), the Darryl test, and the ITQ questionnaire were used to assess the three age groups, respectively. Results: Twenty-two percent of the overall sample met the criteria for PTSD, with a prevalence of symptoms increasing with age (6%, 28%, and 40%). Comorbid psychiatric symptoms in preschoolers were present in 81% of the children witnessing a high level of distress in this group. Behavioral difficulties were elevated across all three age groups, and 40% of the children with trauma symptoms had a parent with concurrent psychopathology. Conclusion:To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to assess trauma symptoms with standardized tests in children with more complicated epilepsies. Trauma symptoms in the group are high; however, there is a need for larger scale studies and research into trauma symptoms in children with more severe epilepsy than those assessable with the included assessment tools. The trauma perspective in severe childhood epilepsy might further clarify the complex associations of biological and contextual variables that affect the children's life quality and enable better preventative treatment options for this group.

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Psychometric Properties of Darryl, a Cartoon Based Measure to Assess Community Violence-Related PTSD in Children

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms in Secondary Stalked Children of Danish Stalking Survivors—A Pilot Study

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms in Secondary Stalked Children of Danish Stalking Survivors—A Pilot Study

Validation of the PTSD screening cartoon test “Darryl” in a Danish clinical sample of children and adolescents

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children with severe epilepsy

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