“…Items are scored on a 4-point scale: 'I haven't been doing this at all' (0 points), 'I've been doing this a little bit' (1 point), 'I've been doing this a medium amount' (2 points), 'I've been doing this a lot' (3 points). Psychometric properties of the Brief COPE scales have been previously reported (Carver et al, 1989;Hagan et al, 2017;Peters et al, 2020). In the study reported here, Cronbach's alpha for each of the Brief COPE scales at the in-hospital assessment was as follows: self-distraction (0.72), active coping (0.77), denial (0.80), substance use (0.94), use of emotional support (0.87), use of instrumental support (0.82), behavioural disengagement (0.76), venting (0.68), positive reframing (0.81), planning (0.78), acceptance (0.67), religion (0.73), humour (0.70) and self-blame (0.90).…”