Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Female Muscularity Scale among Chinese young women

Tang, Chanyuan; Barnhart, Wesley R.; Zhang, Bin; He, Jinbo

doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01448-w

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Such a finding was expected as previous research has shown that muscularity is not the sociocultural feminine standard of attractiveness in the Chinese culture ( 40 ). Moreover, there is evidence in the literature suggesting that Chinese females have a lower motivation to exercise and a lower level of internalization for muscularity comparison to females in western societies ( 41 , 42 ). The sociocultural ideal of female beauty that is commonly mentioned in the Chinese culture includes attributes such as being tall and curvy ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there is evidence in the literature Confirmatory factor analysis for female adolescents. suggesting that Chinese females have a lower motivation to exercise and a lower level of internalization for muscularity comparison to females in western societies (41,42). The sociocultural ideal of female beauty that is commonly mentioned in the Chinese culture includes attributes such as being tall and curvy (40).…”

Section: Internal Consistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire and its associations with body-related outcomes and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 Revised (SATAQ-4R) has been widely used in Western countries to link body appearance that is related to eating disorders and body dissatisfaction being commonly reported by adolescents. However, a comprehensive psychometric validation of the SATAQ-4R in Chinese adolescent samples is still lacking. To this end, the aim of the current study was to validate the gender-appropriate SATAQ-4R in a sample of Chinese adolescents, following by an investigation of its associations with body-related outcomes and eating disorder symptoms.MethodsTwo gender-specific studies were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the SATAQ-4R-Female and SATAQ-4R-Male respectively among adolescent girls (Study1, N=344, with 73 participants at retest) and boys (Study2, N=335, with 64 participants at retest). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the factor structure and their test-retest reliability, the internal consistency and convergent validity were subsequently examined.ResultsFor the SATAQ-4R-Females, the seven-factor model has a reasonable fit, with Chi-square =1112.769 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.071, SRMR = 0.067. For the SATAR-4R-Males, an acceptable seven-factor model with Chi-square = 982.92 (p<0.001), CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR= 0.06 was observed. With respect to test-retest reliability, the internal consistency for 7 subscales was rated as good (Cronbach’s alpha =0.74 to 0.95) among female adolescents, likewise the internal consistency of the seven subscales was also rated as good (Cronbach’s alpha =0.70 to 0.96) among male participants. Good convergent validity was observed, reflected by associations of the subscales of the gender-specific SATAQ-4R with muscularity-related attitude, body image-acceptance, body appearance, perceived stress level, symptoms of eating disorder and self-esteem.DiscussionFor women and men, the original 7-factor structure was validated among Chinese adolescents, internal reliability coefficients for the seven subscale scores were good and test-retest reliability was acceptable. Our results also confirmed the convergent validity of the two different gender-appropriate scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Internal Consistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire and its associations with body-related outcomes and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents

et al. 2023

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“…Higher total scores of the FMS indicated higher levels of drive for muscularity in women. The FMS has been validated in the Chinese context and presented good internal consistency reliability ( α = .91), test–retest reliability, and construct validity in Chinese adult women (Tang et al, 2022). In the current study, the FMS had a Cronbach's α of .90 and a McDonald's ω of .91.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, as reflected by the rapidly increasing number of bodybuilding-related videos for women in Chinese popular social media platforms (e.g., Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, and TikTok/Douyin), bodybuilding and fitness training are becoming new trends for Chinese women (Tang et al, 2022). As discussed in Gong (2023), exposure to this type of social media content may exacerbate Chinese women's appearance anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the muscularity‐oriented eating test in adult women in China

Cui

Barnhart

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Research on muscularity‐oriented disordered eating has grown in recent years. However, the bulk of this research has focused on men and Western populations. Limited research is available in non‐Western populations of women (e.g., China) which is likely due to the lack of valid instruments in these populations. Thus, the current study aimed to describe the validity and reliability of the Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) in Chinese women. Method Two online surveys (survey one: n = 599, Mage = 29.49, SD = 7.36; survey two: n = 201, Mage = 28.42, SD = 7.76) were conducted to explore the psychometric properties of the MOET in Chinese women. In survey one, the factor structure of the MOET was examined via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). Internal consistency reliability and convergent and incremental validity of the MOET were also assessed. In survey two, test–retest reliability across a 2‐week interval was examined. Results EFA and CFA provided support for the unidimensional factor structure of the MOET in Chinese adult women. The MOET presented good internal consistency and test–retest reliability and convergent validity via large, positive associations with theoretically related constructs (e.g., thinness‐oriented disordered eating, drive for muscularity, and psychosocial impairment). Finally, muscularity‐oriented disordered eating described unique variance in psychosocial impairment, providing support for the incremental validity of the MOET. Discussion The sound psychometric structure of the MOET was supported in Chinese women. Continued research is needed to describe muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Chinese women to contribute to this significant gap in the literature. Public Significance The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a measure specifically developed for assessing muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. This study examined the validity and reliability of the MOET in Chinese women. The results showed that the MOET had sound validity and reliability in Chinese women. Thus, the MOET is a valuable tool for advancing the understanding of the muscularity‐oriented disordered eating of women from the Chinese context.

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“…Negative muscle talk, generally researched in men, has been found to be closely linked to men's thinness-oriented body dissatisfaction and thinness-oriented disordered eating [14,15], as well as men's muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction (e.g., muscularity dissatisfaction and muscle dysmorphia) and expectations of steroid use [8,14]. Notably, although social and media pressures for being muscular have been increasing for women and more research is needed for muscularity concerns in women [16,17], research evidence on muscle talk in women is still very limited. However, with a sample of women from the U.S., one recent study showed that muscle talk was closely related to higher muscularity dissatisfaction in women [7].…”

Section: Body Talk Body Image and Disordered Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation and Validation of a Chinese Version of the Body Talk Scale for Women and Men

Barnhart

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Research on body talk has received increasing research interest in recent years, with accumulating evidence supporting the link between body talk and body image and eating disturbances. However, research on body talk in China is still relatively scarce and is generally focused on fat talk, especially for women, and much remains unknown about muscle talk and positive body talk for both Chinese women and men. To promote a better understanding of body talk in the Chinese context, the present study aimed to translate the Body Talk Scale (BTS) into Chinese Mandarin (i.e., C-BTS) and evaluate the factor-structure and psychometric properties of the C-BTS in Chinese adult women and men. The English version of the BTS was translated into Chinese Mandarin with standard procedures. With 300 Chinese women (Mage = 29.48 years, SD = 7.26) and 300 men (Mage = 29.36 years, SD = 6.81), we examined the factor structure and gender invariance of the C-BTS, as well as internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity including convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity of the C-BTS. The results indicated that the C-BTS had three subscales (Negative Fat Talk, Negative Muscle Talk, and Positive Body Talk) and had good reliability and validity. The findings demonstrate that the C-BTS is a useful measure of body talk in both Chinese women and men.

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Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Female Muscularity Scale among Chinese young women

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Validation of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire and its associations with body-related outcomes and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents

Validation of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire and its associations with body-related outcomes and eating disorders among Chinese adolescents

Validation of the muscularity‐oriented eating test in adult women in China

Translation and Validation of a Chinese Version of the Body Talk Scale for Women and Men

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