Psychometric Properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale for South America (CD-RISC-25SA) in Peruvian Adolescents

Abstract

Resilience describes the ability of someone to adapt to adverse life experiences by adjusting to demands with behavioral flexibility. When encountering crisis situations, resilient people typically spring back emotionally with increased strength and internal composure. Measuring resilience is important for assessing the ability of adolescents to respond to adverse situations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric performance of the Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) © for South America (CD-RISC-25SA) in a population of vulnerable Peruvian adolescents. This study used a cross-sectional design to measure sociodemographic variables and resilience. Participants were 451 adolescents living in a shelter in Lima, Perú. Face and content validity were established by expert panel, construct validity was evaluated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. The analysis resulted in a four-dimensional model with 22 items explaining almost 27% of the variance with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90. The dimensions included self-confidence and self-trust from previous experiences, internal resources to cope with difficult situations, personal competence and tenacity, and self-regulation with external resources. Two of the 3 items eliminated from the instrument were related to the original dimension “spirituality influences” which may have been incorrectly translated and adapted without equivalence of meaning for cross-cultural research. The CD-RISC-25SA is not a stable multidimensional instrument for measuring resilience across the cultures and contexts of countries. However, the instrument appears to be stable for measuring resilience as a single dimension. For measuring resilience in the context of Peru, a four-dimensional model with 22 items was validated. Variations in the psychometric properties of translated instruments may result from not establishing the equivalence of meaning for each item before performing cross-cultural research. Researchers need to search for a more precise understanding of resilience as a universal concept transferable across borders and through translations.

Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese military personnel

“…CD-RISC was a 25-item self-reported scale developed by Connor and Davidson (2003). This scale has been widely used and presented good psychometric properties in different countries and demographic groups (Bezdjian et al, 2017;Garcia-Leon et al, 2019;Velickovic et al, 2020;Dominguez-Cancino et al, 2022). However, the factor structure of CD-RISC lacked robust replication in different samples (Xie et al, 2016).…”

Effect of the developed parallel process model on the resilience of spouses of post-traumatic stress disorder veterans: A quasi-experimental study

“…The questionnaire's content validity was established by ten university faculty members holding doctoral degrees in nursing, psychology, or psychiatry. Additionally, Dominguez-Cancino et al, (2022) and Hatami & Hojjati (2019) confirmed the questionnaire's validity and reliability, respectively, in prior studies [24,25].…”

Validation of the self-applicable version of the Resilience Subscale of the BESSI-45 Inventory in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years

“…En español existen tres instrumentos principales para evaluar la resiliencia en adolescentes: la Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (18), la Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-32) (19) y el Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) (20). En España se ha estudiado el ARQ de 88 ítems (20) y la CYRM de 32 ítems (19), hallándose buenas propiedades para la medición de la resiliencia en adolescentes.…”

“…Por otra parte, en Perú se han evaluado las propiedades psicométricas de la CD-RISC. En la versión de 25 ítems de esta última, se encontró que podría no ser un instrumento multidimensional válido para medir resiliencia en diferentes culturas, contextos o países de América del Sur; sin embargo, al eliminar 3 ítems, se generó una versión de 22 ítems distribuidos en 4 dimensiones que resultó válida y confiable para medir la resiliencia en el contexto peruano (18). Finalmente, se ha estudiado una versión de 10 ítems de la CD-RISC en madres adolescentes peruanas y se halló una buena consistencia interna y un modelo de dos factores (21).…”