Psychometric properties of the modified Symptom Severity Index (SSI)

Nixdorf, Donald R.; John, Mike T.; Wall, Melanie M.; Fricton, James R.; Schiffman, Eric L

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.02017.x

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Given that pain duration contributes to orofacial pain (36) and impacts patient reporting of other outcome measures (37), as well as serving as a measure of chronicity (38), its importance should not be overlooked. These results show a reduction in the number of days in pain from the week prior to RCT compared to the week after, which includes procedure-related inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Canal Therapy Reduces Multiple Dimensions of Pain: A National Dental Practice-based Research Network Study

Law

Nixdorf

Rabinowitz³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endodontics

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Background Initial orthograde root canal therapy (RCT) is used to treat dentoalveolar pathosis. The affect RCT has on pain intensity has been frequently reported, but the affect on other dimensions of pain has not. Also, the lack of large prospective studies involving diverse groups of patients and practitioners that are not involved in data collection suggest that there are multiple opportunities for bias to be introduced when this data is systematically aggregated. Method This prospective observational study assessed pain intensity, duration, and its interference with daily activities among RCT patients. Sixty-two practitioners (46 general dentists, 16 endodontists) in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network enrolled patients requiring RCT. Patient reported data were collected before, immediately following, and one week after treatment using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. Results Enrollment of 708 patients was completed over 6 months with 655 patients (93%) providing one-week follow-up data. Prior to treatment, patients reported a mean (±standard deviation) worst pain intensity of 5.3±3.8 (0-10 scale), 50% had “severe” pain (≥7), and mean days in pain and days pain interfered with activities were 3.6±2.7 and 0.5±1.2, respectively. Following treatment, patients reported a mean worst pain intensity of 3.0±3.2, 19% had “severe” pain, and mean days in pain and days with pain interference were 2.1±2.4 and 0.4±1.1, respectively. All changes were statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions RCT is an effective treatment for patients experiencing pain, significantly reducing pain intensity, duration, and related interference. Further research is needed to reduce the proportion of patients reporting “severe” post-operative pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Canal Therapy Reduces Multiple Dimensions of Pain: A National Dental Practice-based Research Network Study

Law

Nixdorf

Rabinowitz³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endodontics

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“…Upon completion of the standard treatment, patients were to undergo eight weeks of the R 3 P. Before and after the R 3 P, patients completed the following self-report psychosocial measures: Modified Symptom Severity Index [SSI] (16), Perceived Stress Scale [PSS] (17), Short Form-36 Health Survey [SF-36] (18) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised [SCL-90-R] (19). Patients were also to participate in the following objective assessments, performed by a senior trained dentist: (1) vertical and lateral range of motion [ROM], with and without pain, (2) temporomandibular joint [TMJ] and muscle pain palpation, and (3) algometer measures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SSI was used to assess severity of pain symptoms pre- and post-R 3 P (16). This SSI is a five-item self-report instrument assessing pain frequency, duration, intensity, unpleasantness and difficulty to endure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relaxation Response Resiliency Enhancement Program in the Management of Chronic Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study

Vranceanu

Shaefer

Saadi

et al. 2013

Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain

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Objectives This is an open-pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a pain-specific version of an established mind–body medicine program, the Relaxation Response [RR] Resiliency Program [R3P], in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder [TMD]. Methods Male and female with at least a six-month history of pain involving the masticatory muscles were sought in the Orofacial Pain Centers of the Massachusetts General Hospital [MGH] or through an advertisement sent to MGH employees from 2008 to 2010. Eligible participants underwent the R3P intervention [eight group sessions] after standard medical management. Pre- and post-group patients underwent objective measures of impairment [vertical and lateral range of motion with and without pain, temporomandibular joint and muscle pain palpation, and algometer measures] and completed psychosocial measures [Symptom Severity Index, Perceived Stress Scale, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and Short Form 36 Health Survey]. Results Twenty-four subjects [16 females, 90% from MGH Orofacial Pain Centers,10% from among MGH employees], mean age 38 years, met eligibility criteria and participated in the study. The intervention was highly feasible and accepted by patients, as evidenced by a 92% rate of completion. Paired t-test analyses revealed improvement on self-reported pain measures: pain intensity [p<0.02], pain frequency [p<0.002], pain duration [p<0.027], pain tolerability [p<0.009] and on several objective tests. Conclusions The pain specific R3P is efficacious in reducing objective and subjective symptoms in patients with chronic refractory TMD. The comprehensive intervention, which combines educational information about pain with RR, cognitive behavioral and resiliency-enhancement skills, is accepted by patients and may be more efficacious than other treatments with fewer elements.

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“…The current paper complements the 2007 report by Schiffman et al 15 in which treatment success was defined by two primary outcome study measures: the Symptom Severity Index (SSI) 17–19 to assess TMJ pain, and the Craniomandibular Index (CMI) 20,21 to assess jaw dysfunction. For this study, we used the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS) recommended criteria for success 22 to assess the relative effectiveness of medical management, rehabilitation, arthroscopic surgery, and arthroplasty.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of four treatment strategies for temporomandibular joint closed lock

Schiffman

Velly

Look

et al. 2014

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

103

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A previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) by Schiffman et al. (2007)15 compared four treatments strategies for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction with limited mouth opening (closed lock). In this parallel group RCT, 106 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed TMJ closed lock were randomized between medical management, non-surgical rehabilitation, arthroscopic surgery, and arthroplasty. Surgical groups also received rehabilitation post-surgically. The current paper reassesses the effectiveness of these four treatment strategies using outcome measures recommended by the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS). Clinical assessments at baseline and at follow-up (3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 60 months) included intensity and frequency of TMJ pain, mandibular range of motion, TMJ sounds, and impairment of chewing. TMJ MRIs were performed at baseline and 24 months, and TMJ tomograms at baseline, 24 and 60 months. Most IAOMS recommended outcome measures improved significantly over time (P ≤ 0.0003). There was no difference between treatment strategies relative to any treatment outcome at any follow-up (P ≥ 0.16). Patient self-assessment of treatment success correlated with their ability to eat, with pain-free opening ≥35 mm, and with reduced pain intensity. Given no difference between treatment strategies, non-surgical treatment should be employed for TMJ closed lock before considering surgery.

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Psychometric properties of the modified Symptom Severity Index (SSI)

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Root Canal Therapy Reduces Multiple Dimensions of Pain: A National Dental Practice-based Research Network Study

Root Canal Therapy Reduces Multiple Dimensions of Pain: A National Dental Practice-based Research Network Study

The Relaxation Response Resiliency Enhancement Program in the Management of Chronic Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study

Effects of four treatment strategies for temporomandibular joint closed lock

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