Psychopathy and structure of primary mental abilities

Hare, Robert D.; Frazelle, Janice; Bus, Jutka; Jutai, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.1007/bf01338924

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The mean IQ for inmates in the PCL–R groups was as follows: Group H, 101.9 ( SD = 11.2) ; Group M, 101.9 ( SD = 12.0) ; and Group L, 101.8 ( SD = 10.9) . These values are similar to those reported for other samples of Canadian inmates (e.g., Hare, Frazelle, Bus, & Jutai, 1980; Harpur, Hare, & Hakstian, 1989). Note, however, that a cross-validation of Silverstein's procedure in Canadian psychiatric patients indicated that it may overestimate WAIS-R Full Scale IQs by up to five points (Thompson, Howard, & Anderson, 1986).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Performance of criminal psychopaths on selected neuropsychological tests.

Hart¹,

Forth²,

Hare³

1990

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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139

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Screening batteries of standard neuropsychological tests were administered to 2 different samples (Ns = 90 and 167) of male prison inmates. Scores on the revised Psychopathy Checklist were used to divide inmates in each sample into high, moderate, and low psychopathy groups. There were no group differences in test performance in either of the samples, even when the effects of self-reported psychopathology and substance abuse were taken into account. The overall prevalence of both test-specific and global neuropsychological impairment was low and did not vary significantly across the 3 groups. The results provide no support for traditional brain-damage explanations of psychopathy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Performance of criminal psychopaths on selected neuropsychological tests.

Hart¹,

Forth²,

Hare³

1990

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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139

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“…We collected data on mental abilities in two subsamples: For 102 inmates we collected full-scale IQs as measured by either the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale or the Revised Beta Examination; we assessed 18 primary mental abilities for a further 50 subjects using the Comprehensive Ability Battery (CAB; Hakstian & Cattell, 1976). Hare, Frazelle, Bus, and Jutai (1980) reported that the primary mental abilities measured by the CAB and the six second-stratum abilities derived from them (see Hakstian & Cattell, 1978) were unrelated to global ratings of psychopathy. Although not used in these analyses, the PCL was completed for these inmates, allowing us to reanalyze the data in terms of the PCL factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implications.

Harpur¹,

Hare²,

Hakstian³

1989

Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical

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965

859

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Two correlated factors have been identified in the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of psychopathy in male prison populations. Factor 1 measures a selfish, remorseless, and exploitative use of others, and Factor 2 measures a chronically unstable and antisocial life-style. We examined the psychometric properties of the factor solutions and a variety of correlates of the two factors. Although the PCL can be considered a homogeneous scale on statistical grounds, the factors have distinct patterns of intercorrelations with other variables. Factor 1 is most closely correlated with the classic clinical description of the psychopathic personality. It is only marginally related to many self-report personality scales, to quality of family background, to criminal behavior, and to diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (APD). Factor 2 is strongly correlated with these latter variables and with scales related to socialization. We conclude that both factors measure important elements of psychopathy and that assessments based only on the presence of antisocial behavior or on scales related to socialization are inadequate.The concept of psychopathy has long held a prominent position in psychiatry and clinical psychology. There has also been persistent confusion over the most appropriate nomenclature and taxonomy to use in relation to the disorder. This confusion stems in part from psychiatric traditions that differ in the relative importance given to behavior or to personality (Pichot, 1978).Currently, there is little agreement on the most appropriate operational criteria for clinical diagnosis or for research. Indeed, the various clinical-behavioral and self-report procedures in common use differ widely in reliability and validity and clearly are not interchangeable with one another (Hare, 1985a).As a result, there is no assurance that different investigatorsall ostensibly engaged in research on psychopathy-are in fact dealing with the same disorder. For this reason we have developed an explicit and reliable procedure for the assessment of psychopathy in male prison populations, which measures both the antisocial and criminal behaviors and the key personality traits long considered central to the disorder. The Psychopathy Checklist (PCL; Hare, 1980) consists of 22 items, each scored on a 3-point scale on the basis of an extensive interview with an inmate and a thorough review of his institutional files; total scores can range from 0 to 44.' This score represents the degree to which an inmate corresponds to the prototypical description of psychopathy most clearly exemplified in the work of Cleckley (1976; see Hare, 1980, 1985a). The assessment of psychopathy is typically based on PCL total scores. However, a recent analysis of data from six samples of male prison inmates in Canada, the United States, and England (A' = 1,119) revealed that the PCL was composed of two replicable factors that correlated about .5 with one another (Harpur et al., 1988). The items making up the fac...

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“…Neuropsychological reviews of antisocial behavior have focused almost exclusively on executive and verbal functions, with little or no mention of memory functions (Henry & Moffitt, 1997;Fishbein, 2000;Ishikawa & Raine, 2002;Moffitt, 1990b;Nigg & Huang-Pollock, 2002;Raine, 1993). This may partly be due to the fact that studies fail to find memory impairments in male antisocial groups (e.g., Barkley, Edwards, Laneri, Fletcher, & Metevia, 2001;Famularo, Fenton, Kinscherff, & Barnum, 1992;Hare, Frazelle, Bus, & Jutai, 1980;Bergvall, Wessely, Forsman, & Hansen, 2001). There have even been suggestions that psychopathic offenders in particular have superior memories (Andrew, 1982).…”

Section: Are Offenders Impaired On Memory Functions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Impairments in Boys on the Life-Course Persistent Antisocial Path.

Raine

Moffitt

Caspi

et al. 2005

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

311

224

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This study addresses 5 unresolved issues in the neuropsychology of antisocial behavior using a community sample of 325 school boys in whom neurocognitive measures were assessed at age 16-17 years. Antisocial behavior measures collected from age 7-17 years were cluster analyzed and produced 4 groups: control, childhood-limited, adolescent-limited, and life-course persistent. Those on the lifecourse persistent path and also on the childhood-limited path were particularly impaired on spatial and memory functions. Impairments were independent of abuse, psychosocial adversity, head injury, and hyperactivity. Findings provide some support for the life-course persistent versus adolescent-limited theory of antisocial behavior and suggest that (a) neurocognitive impairments are profound and not artifactual and (b) childhood-limited antisocials may not be free of long-lasting functional impairment.

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Psychopathy and structure of primary mental abilities

Abstract: The Comprehensive Ability Battery (CAB)

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Performance of criminal psychopaths on selected neuropsychological tests.

Performance of criminal psychopaths on selected neuropsychological tests.

Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implications.

Neurocognitive Impairments in Boys on the Life-Course Persistent Antisocial Path.

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