Psychosocial correlates of posttraumatic growth among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Hyun, Sunah; Wong, Ga Tin Finneas; Levy‐Carrick, Nomi; Charmaraman, Linda; Cozier, Yvette C.; Yip, Tiffany; Hahm, Hyeouk Chris; Liu, Cindy H.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114035

Cited by 47 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Individuals who have experienced collective trauma may not only perceive personal growth but may also feel greater group strengths and social benefits, which are embodied in collective emotions, values, and social behaviors ( Wlodarczyk et al, 2017 ). Therefore, researchers have begun to call for attention to PTG and have adopted an alternative approach to find ways that may be beneficial for everyone to cope with the pandemic trauma ( Hyun et al, 2021 ; Miao et al, 2021 ; Prieto-Ursúa & Jódar, 2020 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Research Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996) proposed the term posttraumatic growth (PTG) to define the positive psychological changes experienced as a result of struggling with trauma or extremely challenging circumstances. Because PTG explains an extremely challenging crisis from a positive perspective, it provides important insights for understanding and coping with the trauma of COVID-19 ( Hyun et al, 2021 ; Waters et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring posttraumatic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic

Liu

2022

Tourism Management

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Although it is undeniable that the COVID-19 pandemic presented new threats and traumas for human beings, posttraumatic growth that took place after the struggle with this highly challenging crisis cannot be ignored. Therefore, based on the posttraumatic growth theory, the present research focuses on aspects of tourists' positive changes after the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 1165 potential tourists from 197 cities in 31 provinces of China were analyzed using symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches. The results of the partial least squares test revealed the net effects of social support, psychological distress, and infection risk perception on the three dimensions of tourists’ posttraumatic growth, namely, travel risk aversion, social identity, and altruistic behavior. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis provided causal recipes for realizing posttraumatic growth, and necessary condition analysis supplemented the necessary antecedents. The implications of the findings and the paths for future research are also presented.

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Section: Theoretical Background and Research Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring posttraumatic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic

Liu

2022

Tourism Management

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“…Recent studies indicated that a higher level of resilience in individuals predicted lower depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic (21)(22)(23). As a positive resource, other research also found that resilience could facilitate the development of PTG (16,24). When people go through the adversity of COVID-19, resilience may work as a crucial factor in reducing the stressful experience, consequently maintaining people's mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all the possible influencing factors on the mental outcomes induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, resilience has been recognized as a significant influence factor ( 8 , 16 ). Resilience refers to the cognitive process of adapting well in the face of adversity ( 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundCOVID-19 outbreak have a long-term negative impact on mental health. Meanwhile, it may also provide opportunities for positive outcomes (e.g., post-traumatic growth). Resilience and social support could serve as psychological resources to protect individuals against the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 crisis and enable people to develop positive changes during challenging times.ObjectiveBy testing the roles of resilience and social support in the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and negative mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety), as well as the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and positive mental health outcomes (post-traumatic growth, PTG), this study aimed to investigate the psychological mechanisms involved in different mental health outcomes induced by COVID-19.MethodsAn online survey was conducted 1 year after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April to August 2021) in China. The survey includes demographic questionnaires and six scales: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for COVID-19 (IES-RC), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relations and mechanisms between COVID-19 related stress and resilience, social support in depression, anxiety, and PTG.ResultsA total of 771 Chinese subjects completed the questionnaire, including 416 (54%) females. COVID-19 related stress was associated with anxiety (P < 0.001), PTG (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001). Resilience was related to depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Social support was associated with depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Under SEM analysis, resilience mediated the effects of COVID-19 related stress on depression and post-traumatic growth. Social support mediated the impacts of COVID-19 related stress on post-traumatic growth, depression, and anxiety. The path coefficients of the mediation effects were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that COVID-19 related stress has a double-edged effect on mental health. Depression, anxiety, and PTG coexist in Chinese individuals 1 year after the peak of the pandemic. Resilience and social support serve as important protective factors of mental health, safeguard people from the negative mental health outcomes of the COVID-19, and promote PTG.

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“…The positive appraisals of a situation, which may be similar to psychological resilience given its connotation of benefit or growth from adversity, has also been negatively associated with pregnancy-specific distress [ 9 , 33 ]. It may be that resilience and any consideration of growth from adversity might have been less relevant when the women took the survey [ 34 , 35 ] given the uncertain nature of the pandemic at that point in time. While fewer studies have directly examined distress tolerance in relation to pregnancy stress, the observed associations between distress tolerance and both prenatal distress outcomes are sensible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%