Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics on dental patients

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of demographic and clinical characteristics on the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics of dental patients. Methods: The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics was assessed by the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). Data validity was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using standardised Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a). A structural model was developed to assess the contribution of demographic and clinical characteristics to the results. The fit of the model was evaluated and the z test (a = 5%) was used to estimate the significance of the contributions (b). Results: A total of 505 dental patients (80% female; age: 36.3, SD = 11.4) participated in the study. Data showed adequate validity (CFA: v 2 / df = 3.3, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.92, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.92 and root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.07) and reliability (a = 0.77-0.92). The fit of the structural model was adequate (v 2 /df = 2.8, TLI = 0.89, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.06). People of a lower economic level, with incomplete dentition, who did not undergo previous aesthetic dental treatment, and who did not like their own smile showed greater psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. Conclusions: Demographic and clinical characteristics should be considered in the evaluation of the impact of dental aesthetics on individuals'. Moreover, PIDAQ is an alternative tool for clinical evaluation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics because it provides valid and reliable data.

Orofacial Esthetic Scale and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire: development and psychometric properties of the Finnish version

“…Regarding the PIDAQ-Fi, the results that fit the factorial model to the data confirm the four-factor structure of PIDAQ, corroborating the findings when PIDAQ is applied to other samples and contexts [11,[24][25][26]. In addition, a high correlation was observed in the present study between three factors of PIDAQ, which compromised the discriminant validity and, considering the theory of the instrument, provides support for the elaboration of a second-order hierarchical model (SOHM).…”

“…In addition, a high correlation was observed in the present study between three factors of PIDAQ, which compromised the discriminant validity and, considering the theory of the instrument, provides support for the elaboration of a second-order hierarchical model (SOHM). The SOHM showed an adequate fit to the data, as has already been observed in a Brazilian sample [26]. These authors suggested that, after confirming the SOHM, it is possible to obtain a general score for the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics, in addition to the scores for each first factor.…”

“…The PIDAQ originally comprised 23 items distributed in four factors: . For the present study, an additional item was added to the Dental Self-Confidence factor, as proposed by Campos et al [26], which considers tooth colour (Supplemental File 1, item 24). Based on the theory of this instrument and the high correlation found among the first-order factors in the previous study [26], a hierarchical model with the secondorder factor called Psychosocial Impact was also considered.…”

“…For the present study, an additional item was added to the Dental Self-Confidence factor, as proposed by Campos et al [26], which considers tooth colour (Supplemental File 1, item 24). Based on the theory of this instrument and the high correlation found among the first-order factors in the previous study [26], a hierarchical model with the secondorder factor called Psychosocial Impact was also considered. The response scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging for 0 to 4 (0: I do not agree, 1: I agree a little, 2: I somewhat agree, 3: I agree a lot, 4: I totally agree).…”

“…This is the only way to ensure that the data obtained using these instruments are valid and reliable. Previous studies from different countries have attested to the adequate psychometric properties of OES and PIDAQ for different sample settings, such as dental patients and the general population [11,12,17,[22][23][24][25][26].…”