Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Reduced emotional stress reactivity to a real-life academic examination stressor in students participating in a 20-week aerobic exercise training: A randomised controlled trial using Ambulatory Assessment

“…Because research shows that the accumulated effects of enhanced emotional reactivity (enhanced NA) increase the risk for physical and mental disorders (Cacioppo et al, 1998;DeLongis, Folkman, & Lazarus, 1988;Myin-Germeys et al, 2003;Van Eck et al, 1998), these results are relevant for prevention because they support the hypothesis that exercise buffers stress-induced health risks (Gerber & Pühse, 2009;Hamer, 2012). Participants in the AET group had lower NA during conditions of high PS, and thus they may benefit in the long term from a lower accumulation of NA in response to daily life stress.…”

“…Until now, the existing link between the health-enhancing effects of physical exercise and the phenomenon of stress has been mostly explained by the socalled 'stress-buffer hypothesis' (Gerber & Pühse, 2009;Hamer, 2012;Sothmann, 2006;Tsatsoulis & Fountoulakis, 2006), which is based on the assumption that the positive health effects of physical activity and fitness serve as a moderator in the relationship between stress and health. In terms of stress reactivity, researchers have mainly examined the physiological parameters (heart rate variability, heart rate, cortisol) of fit versus unfit individuals at baseline and during mental stress tasks in laboratories (De Geus & Stubbe, 2007;Forcier et al, 2006;Gerber, 2008;Jackson & Dishman, 2006;Sothmann, Hart, & Horn, 1991).…”

The role of inflammatory markers in explaining the association between depression and cardiovascular hospitalisations

“…For instance, recent theories of depression suggest that real or imagined psychosocial stressors represented cortically activate inflammatory pathways and upregulate inflammatory gene expression, which results in the elevated circulating inflammatory mediators that cause cognitive, emotional and behavioural symptoms of depression Slavich & Irwin, 2014). Aspects of unhealthy lifestyle, such as physical inactivity and poor quality ''Western'' dietary patterns, may also be involved, since many of these aspects are pro-inflammatory and are associated with both depression and cardiovascular disease (Berk et al, 2013;Bonnet et al, 2005;Hamer, 2012;O'Connor et al, 2009). Alternatively, inflammation may be an indicator of underlying general somatic dysregulation, responsible for both depression and cardiovascular events (Hyland, 2010).…”

Specifics of 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Hypertensive Patients Depending on Physical Activity and Psychoemotional Load

“…Важную роль в реализации негативного влияния психоэмоционального стресса на сердечно-сосудистую систему играет также наблю-даемое на популяционном уровне изменение образа жизни и приобретение негативных поведенческих особенностей, таких как курение, чрезмерное потре-бление алкоголя, углеводов и жиров, гиподинамия [3]. Важнейшим фактором, лежащим в основе фор-мирования сердечно-сосудистой и метаболической патологии у современного человека, является утрата системной сопряжённости физической активности с воздействием психоэмоциональных раздражителей, что в результате приводит к нарушению эволюци-онно закрепленной взаимосвязи между выражен-ностью реакции тревоги и последующей функциональ-ной активностью при мышечной деятельности [7].…”