“…However, there is limited understanding of how exercise influences the mechanical properties of bone, given that increased mineral content or bone quantity does not always translate into improved mechanical function (Hui et al, 1988). To this end, animal studies have identified structural and tissue-level mechanical properties that increase during various forms of exercise, such as swimming, jumping, voluntary running in a cage wheel or running on a treadmill (Gardinier et al, 2015; Hoshi et al, 1998; Huang et al, 2003; Iwamoto et al, 2004; Iwamoto et al, 1999; Kohn et al, 2009). For example, young adult mice running on a treadmill consistently exhibit increased structural and tissue-level properties, such as post-yield properties of the tibia (Gardinier et al, 2015; Hoshi et al, 1998; McNerny et al, 2015; Wallace et al, 2010; Wallace et al, 2009).…”