PTSD, but not history of mTBI, is associated with altered myelin in combat-exposed Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

Jak, Amy J.; Jurick, Sarah M.; Hoffman, Samantha N.; Evangelista, Nicole D.; DeFord, Nicole E.; Keller, Amber V.; Merritt, Victoria C.; Sanderson‐Cimino, Mark; Sorg, Scott F.; Delano‐Wood, Lisa; Bangen, Katherine J.

doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1730975

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In addition to changes in white matter, PTSD patients demonstrate alterations in grey matter myelin; veterans with PTSD have increased hippocampal grey matter myelin content compared to trauma-exposed controls and interestingly, this increase in hippocampal myelin positively correlates with PTSD symptom severity [25]. In a recent study, changes in white matter myelin were also found to positively correlate with PTSD symptoms [72]. Altogether, more work will be needed to piece apart regional changes in white matter and grey matter myelin in these stress-induced disorders, as well as the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in myelin arise.…”

Section: Implications For Disordersmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair

Breton¹,

Long²,

Barraza³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Alterations in myelin, the protective and insulating sheath surrounding axons, affect brain function, as is evident in demyelinating diseases where the loss of myelin leads to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that changes in myelination, including both hyper- and hypo-myelination, may also play a role in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. Protecting myelin and promoting remyelination is thus crucial for a wide range of disorders. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the cells that generate myelin, and oligodendrogenesis (OLgenesis), the creation of new OLs, continues throughout life and is necessary for myelin plasticity and remyelination. Understanding the regulation of OLgenesis and myelin plasticity within disease contexts is therefore critical for the development of novel therapeutic targets. In our companion manuscript [1], we review literature demonstrating that multiple hormone classes are involved in the regulation of OLgenesis under physiological conditions. The majority of hormones enhance OLgenesis, increasing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. Thus, hormonal treatments present a promising route to promote remyelination. Here, we review literature on hormonal regulation of OLgenesis within the context of disorders. We focus on steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, peptide hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1, and thyroid hormones. For each hormone, we describe whether they aid in OL survival, differentiation, or remyelination, and we discuss their mechanisms of action, if known. Several of these hormones have yielded promising results in both animal models and in human conditions; however, a better understanding of hormonal effects, interactions, and their mechanisms will ultimately lead to more targeted therapeutics for myelin repair.

show abstract

Section: Implications For Disordersmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Box 1. Alterations of myelin in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: Implications For Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair

Breton¹,

Long²,

Barraza³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Myelin sheaths are produced by oligodendrocytes and constitute 80% of brain cholesterol. Stress and glucocorticoids are now known to increase oligodendrogenesis and myelin formation in the HPC, a region that is not typically myelinated ( Chetty et al, 2014 ) and increased myelin was also recently observed in the brains of PTSD, but not mTBI participants ( Jak et al, 2020 ; Chao et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Labelfree mapping and profiling of altered lipid homeostasis in the rat hippocampus after traumatic stress: Role of oxidative homeostasis

Kelley

Chaichi

Duplooy

et al. 2022

Neurobiology of Stress

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“…In addition to changes in white matter, PTSD patients demonstrate alterations in grey matter myelin; veterans with PTSD have incr eased hippocampal grey matter myelin content compared to trauma-exposed controls and interestingly, this increase in hippocampal myelin positively corr elates with PTSD symptom severity [25]. In a recent study, changes in white matter myelin wer e also found to positively correlate with PTSD symptoms [72]. Altogether, more work will be needed to piece apart regional changes in white matter and gr ey matter myelin in these stress-induced disorders, as well as the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in myelin arise.…”

Section: Sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Alterations of myelin in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alterations in myelin, the protective and insulating sheath surrounding axons, affect brain function, as is evident in demyelinating diseases where the loss of myelin leads to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that changes in myelination, including both hyper- and hypo-myelination, may also play a role in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. Protecting myelin and promoting remyelination is thus crucial for a wide range of disorders. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the cells that generate myelin, and oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, continues throughout life and is necessary for myelin plasticity and remyelination. Understanding the regulation of oligodendrogenesis and myelin plasticity within disease contexts is, therefore, critical for the development of novel therapeutic targets. In our companion manuscript, we review literature demonstrating that multiple hormone classes are involved in the regulation of oligodendrogenesis under physiological conditions. The majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. Thus, hormonal treatments present a promising route to promote remyelination. Here, we review the literature on hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within the context of disorders. We focus on steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, peptide hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1, and thyroid hormones. For each hormone, we describe whether they aid in OL survival, differentiation, or remyelination, and we discuss their mechanisms of action, if known. Several of these hormones have yielded promising results in both animal models and in human conditions; however, a better understanding of hormonal effects, interactions, and their mechanisms will ultimately lead to more targeted therapeutics for myelin repair.

show abstract

PTSD, but not history of mTBI, is associated with altered myelin in combat-exposed Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

Cited by 16 publications

References 71 publications

Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair

Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair

Labelfree mapping and profiling of altered lipid homeostasis in the rat hippocampus after traumatic stress: Role of oxidative homeostasis

Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair

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