“…Critical voices have become louder as debates on how to map and safeguard ICH in practice have taken place in various settings, but the debate on the "heritage process" has been ongoing for decades. Numerous scholars have pointed out that the political processes and debate surrounding the "safeguarding of cultural heritage" are frequently based on anachronistic understandings of culture, long rejected as "ideologically infested" and theoretically incoherent within the academic disciplines engaged in various fields of cultural studies (a far from extensive list includes: Adell, Tauschek, Bortolotto, Bendix, 2015;Assmann, 1995;Baron, 2016;Bendix, 1997;Foster, Gilman, Eds., 2015;Hafstein, 2009Hafstein, , 2018Harrison, 2013;Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, 1988Kurin, 2004;Kuutma, 2019;Leimgruber, 2010;Noyes, 2006Noyes, , 2012Ronström, Drakos, Engman, Eds., 2013;Smith, 2006;Smith, Agakawa, 2009;Zhang, Smith, 2019).…”