Public Health Approach in the Elimination and Control of Cervical Cancer: A Review

Abstract

Public health experts worldwide have emphasized cervical cancer since it is a substantial global health burden primarily affecting women. This article thoroughly reviews the public health approach to eradicating and managing cervical cancer. The public health community seeks to lower the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality linked to this preventable disease by integrating primary prevention by means of vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV), secondary prevention using screening and early identification, and tertiary prevention through improved therapy and supportive care. In order to accomplish broad vaccination coverage and ultimately effectively prevent cervical cancer, it remains crucial to address obstacles to vaccine accessibility, reluctance, and fair distribution. Early identification and subsequent treatments depend greatly on cervical cancer screening programs. This study explores several screening methods, such as Papanicolaou (Pap) tests based on cytology and cutting-edge technologies like molecular assays and HPV detection. The detection of precancerous lesions and early-stage malignancies, permitting prompt treatment, has shown significant promise when integrating these technologies into coordinated population-based screening programs. The study also underlines the significance of addressing cervical cancer burden inequities, particularly in resource-constrained areas where access to preventative and curative care is constrained. Innovative and affordable methods for addressing marginalized groups are studied, including community-based outreach programs, mobile health technology, and local healthcare practitioners and community leaders in awareness campaigns. The research also examines improvements in cervical cancer treatment procedures, such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. It improves therapeutic efficacy and patient survival rates by incorporating various modalities into a multidisciplinary strategy. Highlighted palliative care and psychological support are crucial for patients who have advanced cervical carcinoma.

Empowering Women’s Health: Insights Into HPV Vaccination and the Prevention of Invasive Cervical Cancer

“…Engaging with policymakers, healthcare professionals, and advocacy groups can amplify the voice for HPV vaccination, promote policies that enhance vaccine access, reduce financial barriers, and foster a supportive environment for vaccination efforts [ 36 ]. By implementing a multifaceted approach that combines education, improved access, cultural sensitivity, and policy advocacy, it is possible to promote HPV vaccination effectively, ultimately reducing the burden of cervical cancer and advancing women's health on a global scale [ 37 ].…”

Importância da Citologia Vaginal “Papanicolau” na prevenção do cancro do colo do útero: contributos para o ensino de enfermagem

“…A sensibilização da população e o acesso à informação e aos serviços são fundamentais para a prevenção e controlo do CCU ao longo da vida 10 . Atualmente os serviços de saúde pública procuram reduzir reduzir a prevalência, morbilidade e mortalidade associadas a esta patologia prevenível, incorporando estratégias de prevenção primária como a vacinação contra o HPV, medidas de prevenção secundária através de programas de rastreio e identificação precoce por citologia vaginal e intervenções de prevenção terciária, incluindo medidas terapêuticas (cirurgia, radioterapia, quimioterapia e imunoterapia) e cuidados de suporte 11 . Contudo a identificação precoce e os tratamentos subsequentes continuam a depender dos programas de rastreio bem organizados e acessíveis a toda a população, incluindo os testes de deteção do HPV, estratégias de saúde pública com impacto evidente na redução da mortalidade por CCU 12,13 .…”

“…este teste tornou-se a tecnologia de rastreio do cancro mais utilizada e validada no mundo 21 . Atualmente, o teste de rastreio é amplamente reconhecido como uma medida importante de saúde pública, dado que possibilita a identificação precoce de lesões pré-malignas, bem como o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce do CCU, com impacto significativo na redução da incidência e da mortalidade associada a esta patologia 22,23 .…”