Public Health–Driven Research and Innovation for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines, European Union

Navarro-Torné, Adoración; Hanrahan, Finnian; Kerstiëns, Barbara; Aguar, Pilar; Matthiessen, Line

doi:10.3201/eid2502.180359

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…those by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 61 the European Union, 62 and private companies in pursuit of a "universal" influenza vaccine covering multiple influenza strains over multiple influenza seasons increase the potential to reduce disease burden, even at current vaccine coverage rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 59 The use of adjuvants, substances added to enhance immunogenicity, in vaccines for influenza 60 and HZ 33 have demonstrated potential for improving vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Additionally, research efforts to improve the durability of vaccine protection, such as those by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 61 the European Union, 62 and private companies in pursuit of a “universal” influenza vaccine covering multiple influenza strains over multiple influenza seasons increase the potential to reduce disease burden, even at current vaccine coverage rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of population aging on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among older adults in the United States

Talbird

Carrico

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Despite vaccination recommendations, the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases remains high in older adults in the United States (US), contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care resource use and costs. To adequately plan for health care resource needs and to help inform vaccination policies, burden of disease projections that account for population aging over the coming decades are needed. As a first step, this exploratory study projects the burden of influenza, pertussis, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal disease in adults aged 50 y and older in the US, using a population-based modeling framework with separate decision trees for each vaccine-preventable disease. The model uses projected population estimates from the US Census Bureau to account for changes in the US population over time and then calculates expected numbers of cases and associated costs for each disease, keeping current estimates of age-specific disease incidence, vaccine coverage, and efficacy constant over time. This approach was used to focus the exploratory analysis on the burden of disease that may be expected due to population changes alone, assuming that all else remains unchanged. Due to population growth and the shifting age distribution over the next 30 y, the annual societal economic burden for the four vaccine-preventable diseases is projected to increase from approximately $35 billion to $49 billion, resulting in cumulative costs of approximately $1.3 trillion, as well as more than 1 million disease-related deaths. Given such notable burden, further efforts to increase vaccination coverage and effectiveness in older adults are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of population aging on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among older adults in the United States

Talbird

Carrico

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Another $1 billion over 5 y has been proposed in the Flu Vaccine Act, which is currently under congressional deliberation (5). Similarly, the World Health Organization is advocating for the prioritization of universal influenza vaccine development, and several countries are investing substantially in this research (6, 7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future epidemiological and economic impacts of universal influenza vaccines

Sah

Alfaro-Murillo

Fitzpatrick

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The efficacy of influenza vaccines, currently at 44%, is limited by the rapid antigenic evolution of the virus and a manufacturing process that can lead to vaccine mismatch. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) recently identified the development of a universal influenza vaccine with an efficacy of at least 75% as a high scientific priority. The US Congress approved $130 million funding for the 2019 fiscal year to support the development of a universal vaccine, and another $1 billion over 5 y has been proposed in the Flu Vaccine Act. Using a model of influenza transmission, we evaluated the population-level impacts of universal influenza vaccines distributed according to empirical age-specific coverage at multiple scales in the United States. We estimate that replacing just 10% of typical seasonal vaccines with 75% efficacious universal vaccines would avert ∼5.3 million cases, 81,000 hospitalizations, and 6,300 influenza-related deaths per year. This would prevent over $1.1 billion in direct health care costs compared to a typical season, based on average data from the 2010–11 to 2018–19 seasons. A complete replacement of seasonal vaccines with universal vaccines is projected to prevent 17 million cases, 251,000 hospitalizations, 19,500 deaths, and $3.5 billion in direct health care costs. States with high per-hospitalization medical expenses along with a large proportion of elderly residents are expected to receive the maximum economic benefit. Replacing even a fraction of seasonal vaccines with universal vaccines justifies the substantial cost of vaccine development.

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“…5,6 These innovations are building a sustainable foundation for affordable, accessible, and high-quality medicines, vaccines, medical devices, and system innovations, pursuing novel solutions, entrepreneurial ventures, and public sector efforts to the most challenging health problems. 7,8 Digital health technologies (DHTs) such as smartphone apps, web-based platforms, and wearable devices are rapidly emerging as promising interventions for disease management, 9–12 and telemedicine is making remote healthcare more feasible. 13–17 Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to perform many healthcare tasks well (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of digital health technologies in African context, Ethiopia

Manyazewal

Woldeamanuel

Blumberg

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The World Health Organization (WHO) recently put forth a Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020 - 2025 with several countries having already achieved key milestones. We aimed to understand whether and how digital health technologies (DHTs) are absorbed in Africa, tracking Ethiopia as a key node. We conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed-MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from inception to 02 February 2021 for studies of any design that investigated the potential of DHTs in clinical or public health practices in Ethiopia. This review was designed to inform our ongoing DHT-enabled randomized controlled trial (RCT) (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04216420). We found 23,897 potentially-relevant citations, among which 47 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 594,999 patients, healthy individuals, and healthcare professionals. The studies involved seven DHTs: mHealth (25 studies, 573,623 participants); electronic health records (13 studies, 4,534 participants); telemedicine (3 studies, 445 participants); cloud-based application (2 studies, 2,382 participants); genomics data (1 study, 47 participants); information communication technology (2 studies, 551 participants), and artificial intelligence (1 study, 13,417 participants). The studies targeted six health conditions: maternal and child health (15), infectious diseases (11), non-communicable diseases (3), dermatitis (1), surgery (3), and general health conditions (14). The outcomes of interest were feasibility, usability, willingness or readiness, effectiveness, quality improvement, and knowledge or attitude towards DHTs. Four studies involved RCTs. The analysis showed that although DHTs are a relatively recent phenomenon in Ethiopia, their potential harnessing clinical and public health practices are highly visible. Their adoption and implementation in full capacity requires more training, access to better devices such as smartphones, and infrastructure. DHTs hold much promise tackling major clinical and public health backlogs and strengthening the healthcare ecosystem in Africa. More RCTs are needed on emerging DHTs including artificial intelligence, big data, cloud, genomics data, cybersecurity, telemedicine, and wearable devices to provide robust evidence of their potential use in such settings and to materialize the WHO's Global Digital Health Strategy. Keywords: Digital Health, mHealth, Electronic medical records, Telemedicine, eHealth, Information communication technology, Africa, Ethiopia.

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Public Health–Driven Research and Innovation for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines, European Union

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Impact of population aging on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among older adults in the United States

Impact of population aging on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among older adults in the United States

Future epidemiological and economic impacts of universal influenza vaccines

The potential of digital health technologies in African context, Ethiopia

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