Public health response and medical management of internal contamination in past radiological or nuclear incidents: A narrative review

Li, Chunsheng; Reis, Arlene Alves dos; Ansari, Armin; Bertelli, Luiz; Carr, Zhanat; Dainiak, Nicholas; Efimov, Alexander; Kalinich, John F.; Kryuchkov, Victor; Kukhta, B.; Kurihara, Osamu; López, M. A.; Port, Matthias; Riddell, A.E.; Rump, A.F.E.; Sun, Qiang; Tuo, Fei; Youngman, M. J.; Zhang, Jianfeng

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107222

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Social and political organizations and the restoration of a functioning economy influence the human sense of stability. Therefore, the recovery phase can span even tens of years after a nuclear attack to ensure conditions in which people can be healthy [30,33,36].…”

Section: Recovery Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Decision Making in the Case of the Use of a Nuclear Weapon

Długosz‐Lisiecka

2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current geopolitical situation and the war on Ukraine’s territory generate questions about the possible use of a nuclear weapon and create the need to refresh emergency protective plans for the population. Ensuring the protection of public health is a national responsibility, but the problem is of international size and global scale. Radiological or nuclear disasters need suitable decision making at the right time, which determine large effective radiation protection activities to ensure public health is protected, reduce fatalities, radiation disease, and other effects. In this study, a simulation of a single nuclear weapon detonation with an explosion yield of 0.3 and 1 Mt was applied for a hypothetical location, to indicate the required decision making and the need to trigger protocols for the protection of the population. The simulated explosion was located in a city center, in a European country, for the estimation of the size of the effects of the explosion and its consequences for public health. Based on the simulation results and knowledge obtained from historical nuclear events, practical suggestions, discussion, a review of the recommendations was conducted, exacerbated by the time constraints of a public health emergency. Making science-based decisions should encompass clear procedures with specific activities triggered immediately based on confirmed information, acquired from active or/and passive warning systems and radiometric specific analysis provided by authorized laboratories. This study has the potential to support the preparedness of decision makers in the event of a disaster or crisis-related emergency for population health management and summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the current ability to respond.

show abstract

Section: Recovery Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Decision Making in the Case of the Use of a Nuclear Weapon

Długosz‐Lisiecka

2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the past century, there has been a swift advancement in the field of radiological sciences and nuclear technologies, leading to their extensive utilization in various societal aspects. While reaping the advantages of employing these technologies in energy generation, radiological healthcare, and various sectors, we are also vulnerable to dangers arising from radioactivity and nuclear mishaps ( 1 ). The concept of nuclear radiation, which involves particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by radioactive substances, has been a great concern due to its significant impact on human health and safety ( 2 , 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the Chornobyl disaster, the Fukushima accident, and, more recently, increasingly complex radiological devices are stark reminders of the urgency and necessity of comprehensive education and preparedness. Knowledge and operational implementation gaps are identified through the analysis of past accident management experiences, aiding in the understanding of essential areas requiring improvement ( 1 ). We need to improve experience in addition to theoretical knowledge training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and preparedness level of medical workers for radiation and nuclear emergency response

Xu,

Xie,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Radiological science and nuclear technology have made great strides in the twenty-first century, with wide-ranging applications in various fields, including energy, medicine, and industry. However, those developments have been accompanied by the inherent risks of exposure to nuclear radiation, which is a source of concern owing to its potentially adverse effects on human health and safety and which is of particular relevance to medical personnel who may be exposed to certain cancers associated with low-dose radiation in their working environment. While medical radiation workers have seen a decrease in their occupational exposure since the 1950s thanks to improved measures for radiation protection, a concerning lack of understanding and awareness persists among medical professionals regarding these potential hazards and the required safety precautions. This issue is further compounded by insufficient capabilities in emergency response. This highlights the urgent need to strengthen radiation safety education and training to ensure the well-being of medical staff who play a critical role in radiological and nuclear emergencies. This review examines the health hazards of nuclear radiation to healthcare workers and the awareness and willingness and education of healthcare workers on radiation protection, calling for improved training programs and emergency response skills to mitigate the risks of radiation exposure in the occupational environment, providing a catalyst for future enhancement of radiation safety protocols and fostering of a culture of safety in the medical community.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the background level of radiation is an integral part of the modern biota environment. NBR nowadays can be enhanced by a release of artificial radionuclides into the environment for example as a result of nuclear-weapon tests or regular or accidental releases and emissions in the nuclear industry [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling Biometry of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Ionizing Radiation

Антонова

Shimalina

Korotkova

et al. 2022

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The genes NUD and WIN1 play a regulatory role in cuticle organization in barley. A knockout (KO) of each gene may alter plant mechanisms of adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. A putative pleiotropic effect of NUD or WIN1 gene mutations in barley can be assessed in a series of experiments in the presence or absence of a provoking factor. Ionizing radiation is widely used in research as a provoking factor for quantifying adaptive potential of living organisms. Our aim was to evaluate initial stages of growth and development of barley lines with a KO of NUD or WIN1 under radiation stress. Air-dried barley grains with different KOs and wild-type control (WT) were exposed to γ-radiation at 50, 100, or 200 Gy at a dose rate of 0.74 R/min. Approximately 30 physiological parameters were evaluated, combined into groups: (1) viability, (2) radiosensitivity, and (3) mutability of barley seed progeny. Seed germination, seedling survival, and shoot length were similar among all barley lines. Naked nud KO lines showed lower weights of seeds, roots, and seedlings and shorter root length as compared to win1 KO lines. The shoot-to-root length ratio of nud KO lines’ seedlings exceeded that of win1 KO and WT lines. In terms of the number of seedlings with leaves, all the KO lines were more sensitive to pre-sowing γ-irradiation. Meanwhile, the radioresistance of nud KO lines (50% growth reduction dose [RD50] = 318–356 Gy) and WT plants (RD50 = 414 Gy) judging by seedling weight was higher than that of win1 KO lines (RD50 = 201–300 Gy). Resistance of nud KO lines to radiation was also demonstrated by means of root length (RD50 = 202–254 Gy) and the shoot-to-root length ratio. WT seedlings had the fewest morphological anomalies. In nud KO lines, mainly alterations of root shape were found, whereas in win1 KO lines, changes in the color and shape of leaves were noted. Thus, seedlings of nud KO lines are characterized mainly by changes in the root system (root length, root number, and root anomalies). For win1 KO lines, other parameters are sensitive (shoot length and alterations of leaf shape and color). These data may indicate a pleiotropic effect of genes NUD and WIN1 in barley.

show abstract

Public health response and medical management of internal contamination in past radiological or nuclear incidents: A narrative review

Cited by 11 publications

References 70 publications

Public Health Decision Making in the Case of the Use of a Nuclear Weapon

Public Health Decision Making in the Case of the Use of a Nuclear Weapon

Awareness and preparedness level of medical workers for radiation and nuclear emergency response

Seedling Biometry of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Ionizing Radiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About