Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals

Pomba, Constança; Rantala, Merja; Greko, Christina; Baptiste, Keith E.; Catry, Boudewijn; Duijkeren, Engeline van; Mateus, Ana; Moreno, Miguel A.; Pyörälä, Satu; Ružauskas, Modestas; Sandérs, Pascal; Teale, Christopher; Threlfall, E. J.; Kunsagi, Zoltan; Torren-Edo, Jordi; Jukes, Helen; Törneke, Karolina

doi:10.1093/jac/dkw481

Cited by 246 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Companion animals (e.g., pets) represent an often ignored, but potentially important source of ARB and ARGs in human populations because of the intimacy between humans and their pets . Pets have little to do with the food animal industry, but considering them provides analogous evidence of how close personal contact between domesticated animals and humans can influence AMR spread.…”

Section: Transmission Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Domesticated mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering the above factors and more, one can see why it is difficult to delineate clear routes of AMR dissemination among food and other domesticated animals, human populations, and the environment. Within this context, the intent of our review here is not to exhaustively discuss all links, methods, and pathways because these have been summarized in previous reviews . Instead, our goal is to flag the complexity of AMR as a general problem with the hope of disentangling sometimes contradictory information into useful guidance for the food animal production industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

Graham

Bergeron

Bourassa

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

149

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to both human and animal health. The spread of AMR bacteria and genes across systems can occur through a myriad of pathways, both related and unrelated to agriculture, including via wastewater, soils, manure applications, direct exchange between humans and animals, and food exposure. Tracing origins and drivers of AMR bacteria and genes is challenging due to the array of contexts and the complexity of interactions overlapping health practice, microbiology, genetics, applied science and engineering, as well as social and human factors. Critically assessing the diverse and sometimes contradictory AMR literature is a valuable step in identifying tractable mitigation options to stem AMR spread. In this article we review research on the nonfoodborne spread of AMR, with a focus on domesticated animals and the environment and possible exposures to humans. Attention is especially placed on delineating possible sources and causes of AMR bacterial phenotypes, including underpinning the genetics important to human and animal health.

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Section: Transmission Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Domesticated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

Graham

Bergeron

Bourassa

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While antibiotic prescribing for companion animals has been decreasing in recent years [1], there remains substantial potential for inappropriate antibiotic use in the companion animal population to drive AMR. The proximity of humans and companion animals in domestic environments means that there also is potential for the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria between species [3, 4]. This inter-species transmission of resistant bacteria has implications for both human and animal health [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the behavioural drivers of veterinary surgeon antibiotic prescribing: a qualitative study of companion animal veterinary surgeons in the UK

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMulti-drug resistant bacteria are an increasing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics within veterinary medicine may be a contributory factor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ‘One Health’ Initiative aims to work across species and environments to reduce AMR, however; little is currently known about the factors which influence antibiotic prescribing among veterinary surgeons in companion animal practice.This paper reports on qualitative data analysis of interviews with veterinary surgeons whose practice partially or wholly focuses on companion animals (N = 16). The objective of the research was to explore the drivers of companion animal veterinary surgeons’ antibiotic prescribing behaviours. The veterinary surgeons interviewed were all practising within the UK (England (n = 4), Scotland (n = 11), Northern Ireland (n = 1)). A behavioural thematic analysis of the data was undertaken, which identified barriers and facilitators to specific prescribing-related behaviours.ResultsFive components of prescribing behaviours were identified: 1) confirming clinical need for antibiotics; 2) responding to clients; 3) confirming diagnosis; 4) determining dose, duration and type of antibiotic; and 5) preventing infection around surgery (with attendant appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing behaviours). Barriers to appropriate prescribing identified include: business, diagnostic, fear, habitual practice and pharmaceutical factors. Facilitators include: AMR awareness, infection prevention, professional learning and regulation and government factors.ConclusionThis paper uses a behavioural lens to examine drivers which are an influence on veterinary surgeons’ prescribing behaviours. The paper contributes new understandings about factors which influence antibiotic prescribing behaviours among companion animal veterinary surgeons. This analysis provides evidence to inform future interventions, which are focused on changing prescribing behaviours, in order to address the pressing public health concern of AMR.

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“…The presence of AMR E. coli within the peri-urban wild dog population could indicate another potential pathway for the zoonotic transmission of AMR pathogens or genes. A detailed review surrounding AMR is beyond the scope of this thesis, however, readers can be referred to several previously published reviews (Koch et al, 2017, Pomba et al, 2017, Cameron and McAllister, 2016, Barton and Hart, 2001, Barton, 2000.…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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Established wildlife populations within peri-urban and urban environments provide an opportunity for the spread of zoonotic pathogens to and from human-associated environments. Wild dogs, including dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and their cross breeds (hybrids) are common across the Australian mainland, and hybrid populations are particularly frequent within peri-urban environments. Previous studies have shown that wild dogs carry zoonotic pathogens of public health significance, however, data relating to peri-urban wild dogs has been limited to a few studies with a small geographical range and / or small sample size.To address the potential public health implications of peri-urban wild dogs, information regarding pathogen diversity, prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution are required.To investigate the diversity and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs, a cross sectional survey was undertaken. Utilising council management programs and private trappers, 201 wild dogs were collected for necropsy. Analysis of faecal and blood samples indicated that helminth parasites were common, detected within 79.6  5.4 % of wild dogs tested, however bacterial pathogens were much less prevalent. Echinococcus granulosus was the most prevalent parasite detected by necropsy, (prevalence 50.7  6.9 %). Hookworms were found to comprise the second most common pathogen of zoonotic significance with an overall prevalence of 28.8% ( 7.1%).Molecular characterisation identified the majority as Ancylostoma caninum. Several pathogens of zoonotic interest were not detected during the study, namely Brucella suis and Neospora caninum.This study provided essential baseline data on the prevalence of pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dog populations in north-eastern Australia, which is required to inform the management of wild dogs in peri-urban areas.Characteristics of the most prevalent parasitic pathogens and their lifecycles suggested possible associations between the diet composition of wild dogs and their infection status. Whole stomachs were collected during necropsy and analysed for dietary composition and biomass. The majority of food items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly: swamp wallaby (20.6  6.08%); canine species (prey) (10.6  4.62%); eastern grey kangaroo (10.0  4.51 %); and deer species (10.0  4.51%). Wild dogs that consumed swamp wallaby (OR 1.79, p<0.05) or unidentified species of macropods (OR 4.18, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with E. granulosus than dogs who had consumed non-macropod species. Wild dogs that had consumed various bird (OR 7.80, p<0.01) or bandicoot species (OR 3.09, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with hookworm compared to dogs that had consumed ii macropods. These findings suggest that diet composition is an important contributing factor to the infection status of wild dogs.To explore the geographical distribution of pathogens a...

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Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals

Cited by 246 publications

References 164 publications

Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

Complexities in understanding antimicrobial resistance across domesticated animal, human, and environmental systems

Exploring the behavioural drivers of veterinary surgeon antibiotic prescribing: a qualitative study of companion animal veterinary surgeons in the UK

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

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