Public Job-Creation Programs: The Economic Benefits of Investing in Social Care? Case Studies in South Africa and the United States

Abstract

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Effort Years and Underperformance : The Intersection of Employment, Social Protection, and Gender in South Korea

“…As discussed below, investment in care sector holds the potential for significant employment creation -by freeing women's time for paid work -and pro-poor income growth (Antonopoulos and Kim, 2011). In South Africa, the country's "Expanded Public Works Programme" involves job creation in early childhood development and home and community-based care for people living with HIV, tuberculosis and malaria.…”

Gender Dimensions of Inequality in the Countries of Central Asia, South Caucasus, and Western CIS

“…Such programs have the additional benefit of direct employment creation and the accompanying increase in the demand for supporting jobs. İlkkaracan et al (2015) and Antonopoulos and Kim (2011) investigate the direct and indirect effects of social care sector expansion and find that it supports decent employment creation, generates pro-women job allocation, and reduces poverty. The effect of childcare provisioning is positive not only on paid female employment, but also on female entrepreneurship, as it allows women to expand their businesses and hence address the small size constraint, which is one of the main reasons for the weaker performance of femaleowned businesses (Johnson 2005).…”

“…The role of women's care and domestic responsibilities in limiting women's engagement in labor markets as workers and as entrepreneurs has to be an integral part of a strategy to reduce gender inequality. Programs providing access to affordable and reliable childcare, childcare subsidies, and public childcare provisioning are an effective approach for improving women's labor market outcomes and earnings in developing and transition economies (Buvinić et al 2013;İlkkaracan et al 2015;Antonopoulos and Kim 2011).…”

Expanding Social Protection in Developing Countries: A Gender Perspective

“…The latter "multiplier" effects are found to be particularly strong in their capacity to create jobs whenever public investments are channeled to the naturally more labor-intensive sectors of services, such as education and health (Antonopoulos 2009, Antonopoulos andKim 2011). Social sector and social protection spending has particularly strong economic and employment generation content.…”