Public Perception of Intangible Benefits and Costs in the Valuation of Mega Sports Events: The Case of Euro 2012 in Poland

Zawadzki, Krystian

doi:10.1080/00128775.2016.1201689

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The authors explain that the VMC helps to justify the use of taxpayer money to finance events and develop elite sport. Zawadzki (2016) uses the VMC to estimate the benefits and intangible costs of the Euro 2012 held in Poland. This study highlights the importance of measuring intangible effects and comparing them to the benefits and costs of the economic impact.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

JPES

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Sports events are currently associated to economic profits and tourism attraction. It is increasingly common for cities to consider local development strategies where sporting events take the center stage. This study analyzes the economic impact of the XVIII Spanish Spring Open Absolute Swimming Championship 2017. It addresses three aspects of economic impact. First, it applies a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to estimate the economic impact of the event. Moreover, it identifies and describes the socio-demographic and tourist profile of the attendees to the event. This provides a better understanding of spending pattern of the event. Finally, it identifies the presence of shadow prices for the championship, which has traditionally been free of charge. The event attracts a total of 902 attendees who spend 3.9 days on average in the host city. Average expenditure is close to 260 euros and it provides a direct economic impact of nearly 200,000 euros. Attendees to the event who were first-time visitors to the city represented 25% and 88% of these visitors indicated their intention to repeat the visit. The results of measuring an intangible aspect like shadow prices were also very revealing. A high percentage of attendees were willing to pay a fee for attending the event. Specifically, the respondents indicated the possibility of paying €7 on average per competition day. Furthermore, this paper provides new evidence on the economic impact of medium-sized events and their ability to participate in local economic development and tourism attraction.

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Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

JPES

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“…Despite the advantage in creating a positive social impact, it is not known how NMSEs actually affect the host cities' residents from the intangible, non-monetary perspective. Although there are methods that allow for the monetary valuation of potential social effects, including those which attempt to value them using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), they refer only to MSEs (Atkinson et al , 2008; Walton et al , 2008; Preuss and Werkmann, 2011; Zawadzki, 2016). Thus far, no submission was received on this topic regarding the particular issue of NMSEs, although, as mentioned above, non-mega sporting events may reveal a contribution to these effects.…”

Section: Importance Of the Size Of A Sporting Event In Its Contribution To The Social Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The format of a payment card (Mitchell and Carson, 1984) with a single question regarding the exact value of WTP was chosen during the preparation phase of the research questionnaire. Despite the fact that no pilot study was carried out with the aim of calibrating the rates, it was assumed that the highest values of WTP would not exceed those obtained during Euro 2012, hosted in Gdańsk (Zawadzki, 2016). It should be noted that the respondent, in answering the question in the payment card format (yes/no), agrees to the lower amount (for example 1 PLN) while rejecting next highest amount (2 PLN).…”

Section: Cvm Studies On Nmses Hosted In Ergo Arena Hall In Gdańsk and Sopotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand factors which had a negative impact on WTP were: the gender expression (for women) (Walton et al , 2008) and the number of people living in the household (Castellanos and Sánchez, 2007). Younger and senior respondents were much more likely to express higher levels of WTP toward sporting events than senior in the middle age (Johnson et al , 2007; Zawadzki, 2016).…”

Section: Cvm Studies On Nmses Hosted In Ergo Arena Hall In Gdańsk and Sopotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, accurate social impact assessments of NMSEs, and valuations of these impacts, are lacking. Even though there are significant number of studies on monetary valuation in sports (Owen, 2006; Santo, 2008; Hakes et al , 2011; Kiefer, 2015; Interis and Taylor, 2017; Wicker and Orlowski, 2019), the research conducted so far in terms of “events” referred almost exclusively to MSEs and for the most part was based on the use of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) (Heyne et al , 2007; Atkinson et al , 2008; Walton et al , 2008; Preuss and Werkmann, 2011; Zawadzki, 2016) and to a lesser extent, the hedonic pricing method (Kavetsos, 2012), Opportunity Cost Approach (Solberg, 2003) and Travel Cost method (Whitehead and Wicker, 2018, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social benefits valuation of hosting non-mega sporting events

Zawadzki

2020

IJEFM

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PurposeIn the study, an attempt was made to estimate the social benefits resulting from three non-mega sporting events organized in Ergo Arena located on the border of two cities in Poland. By attributing a value to intangible social benefits, the intangible effect was determined and compared to the expenditure incurred in the construction of Ergo Arena Hall.Design/methodology/approachIn order to value social intangible effects of three non-mega sporting events the Contingent Valuation Method was applied. Each time, the Contingent Valuation Method study covered the area of the two cities: Gdańsk and Sopot and was conducted on a sample of 500 people – 250 per city. The mean values of Willingness-to-Pay were used in order to obtain aggregate values of intangible benefits. Finally, the aggregate results were compared to expenditure incurred in connection with the construction of Ergo Arena Hall.FindingsIt appeared that intangible effects were eagerly valued by the residents of Gdańsk and Sopot. The aggregated value of all three sporting events was estimated at PLN 8.8 million. The obtained results question the equal share of both cities in financing but confirm that under certain circumstances, hosting non-mega sporting events may justify the use of public funds. In the case of the two cities, the reasonable reason for the employment of public means is the size of Gdańsk compared to Sopot.Originality/valueThe paper fulfils the research gap which arises regarding Willingness-to-Pay in estimating the intangible social effects of non-mega sporting events and considering these effects in the net effect valuation. The findings have implications for policy makers since they show to what extent it may be justified to use public means in order to host non-mega sporting events.

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Determinants and Economic Effects of New Firm Creation: Evidence from Polish Regions

Gajewski

Kutan

2018

Eastern European Economics

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Public Perception of Intangible Benefits and Costs in the Valuation of Mega Sports Events: The Case of Euro 2012 in Poland

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

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Social benefits valuation of hosting non-mega sporting events

Determinants and Economic Effects of New Firm Creation: Evidence from Polish Regions

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