This study focuses on legislative regulation of public-private partnerships, its development, and implementation mechanisms in the socio-economic sector. To analyze the partnership of business and government in the infrastructure sectors, we reviewed the experience of similar projects in the social sector on the example of the city of Moscow. The authors have analyzed the legal framework of municipal public-private partnership (PPP), identified several legal problems, and examined the development prospects of PPP in the Russian regions (especially the federal projects in the social sector). As a result, the authors proposed several recommendations on the development of PPP in different Russian regions that are based on the rich experience of PPP in Moscow. The authors conclude that PPP in Russia is an effective tool for implementing federal projects, which allows reducing the budgetary burden and encouraging private enterprises to take innovative approaches in solving long-term social problems.