“…Later, new technologies, platformization and ecosystem thinking started to penetrate into public sector as well. Examples of this include smart city governance (Ylipulli and Luusua, 2020), governance platforms (Ansell and Miura, 2020) and innovation ecosystems in the public sector (Carneiro et al, 2023). It has been argued that the ecosystem approach better captures the complexities of public service delivery than NPM and conventional network governance associated with NPG, especially in terms of understanding value co-creation (Kinder et al, 2022(Kinder et al, , 2021Osborne et al, 2022).…”