Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae var. nov.: a fungal agent for the biological control of Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)

Tanner, Robert A.; Ellison, C. A.; Seier, M. K.; Kovács, Gábor M.; Kassai-Jáger, Edit; Berecky, Zsolt; Varia, Sonal; Djeddour, Djamila; Singh, Mool Chand; Csiszár, Ágnes; Csontos, Péter; Kiss, Levente; Evans, H. C.

doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0539-x

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Future research should also focus on the impact of the same enemy in native and introduced ranges of Impatiens, such as that of the cosmopolitan Plasmopara obducens, recorded both in Europe and in Pakistan [45,97]. Another example is the alien rust fungus Puccinia komarowii Tranzsche, attacking Impatiens species both in Europe, where it was first found in 1921, and in the native foothills of the Himalayas [46]. It is also worth studying the aphids, which were massively recorded in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the tests, we used the alien Impatiens glandulifera and I. parviflora, and the native I. noli-tangere. Despite the very high invasiveness of both alien species [41], they have not been subjected to such tests in Poland at all, and rarely elsewhere in Europe [42][43][44]; this is surprising in view of the efforts made to develop biological control methods against these plants [45,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do local enemies attack alien and native Impatiens alike?

2017

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The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) attributes the invasive behavior of some alien species to decreased pressure from natural enemies, as they have been left behind in the hosts' native range. The majority of research supports this idea, but some studies confirm it only partially or even contradict it. Here, we present the results of ERH tests of three Impatiens species studied in southern Poland in 2010-2011. Two of them are alien and invasive in Europe (Impatiens glandulifera, I. parviflora) and one is native (I. noli-tangere). We compared the three species in terms of the percentage of all leaves showing symptoms of disease and/or damage, and also the number of pests recorded on the monitored plants.In 1071 individual plant controls, we assessed 17 180 leaves, 7552 of which showed symptoms of disease/damage, and we recorded 5721 invertebrates, 5220 of them were pests. Rusts and spots were the predominant symptoms and Aphidoidea were the dominant group of pests. Comparisons of the two alien and one native Impatiens did not confirm the ERH in 90% of the performed tests. Most of the differences between the species were not significant, and most of the significant ones contradicted the ERH. The only results confirming the ERH were found in comparisons between I. parviflora and I. noli-tangere. The tests between two alien species showed that I. parviflora was under higher pest pressure, while I. glandulifera had more disease and damage symptoms, thus, plant-enemy relations differed between the two balsams. In summary, the presented results add evidence that the success of some alien species may depend on factors related to biotic and/or abiotic conditions in ways that are not explained by the enemy release hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do local enemies attack alien and native Impatiens alike?

2017

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“…A rust fungus, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae (Uredinales), was observed to infect Himalayan balsam throughout the areas surveyed, causing significant damage to infected plants both at the seedling stage (stem infection, usually leading to plant death) and to leaves of the remaining maturing plants and, hence, was prioritised for further study (Tanner et al 2014). An isolate of the rust fungus collected in the Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India was selected and screened for specificity against 74 plant species and an additional ten varieties of three widely grown ornamental species in the UK (Tanner et al 2015).…”

Section: Impatiens Glandulifera Royle (Himalayan Balsam) (Balsaminaceae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed biological control in the European Union: from serendipity to strategy

et al. 2017

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“…Symptoms indicative of the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii , characterized by aecia on swollen stems and uredinia/telia on the leaves, were recorded on I. glandulifera in the Kaghan Valley (Pakistan) in 2006 (Tanner, ), with additional observations from the Kullu Valley and Solang Valley (Himachal Pradesh, India) between 2009 and 2010 (Tanner et al ., ). This identification was confirmed subsequently, following traditional morphological examination of herbarium specimens (Tanner et al ., ). However, P. komarovii is known to be an autoecious, host‐specific rust, infecting only Impatiens parviflora , in both its native (Central Asia) and exotic ranges (mainland Europe) (Piskorz & Klimko, ), and, prior to these surveys, I. glandulifera had not been recorded as a host of this or any other rust species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Following a molecular comparison of rust accessions from I. glandulifera (from India) and I. parviflora (from Hungary and China), where the nrDNA ITS and 28S (LSU) region were compared, the analysis indicated that separation of the two rust strains was warranted (Tanner et al, 2015). In addition, cross-inoculation studies demonstrated the presence of species-specific rust pathotypes, where I. glandulifera demonstrated immunity to inoculations using P. komarovii ex I. parviflora and vice versa (Tanner et al, 2015). Based on these molecular and cross-inoculation studies, the rust on I. glandulifera was separated at the varietal level and assigned the name Puccinia komarovii var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First release of a fungal classical biocontrol agent against an invasive alien weed in Europe: biology of the rust, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae

et al. 2015

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The rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae was first identified infecting Impatiens glandulifera in its native range (western Himalayas) between 2006 and 2010. Subsequently, it was imported into quarantine in the UK for evaluation as a classical biocontrol agent. To assess the safety of the rust, plant species relevant to Europe were tested for susceptibility. To confirm the life cycle, all infective spore stages were inoculated on I. glandulifera to follow disease progression. Teliospores were primed using bleaching and low temperatures to break dormancy. Temperature and dew period experiments using urediniospores were conducted to assess the parameters required for infection. Of the 74 plant species tested, only I. balsamina, an ornamental species, was fully susceptible to urediniospore inoculum. The life cycle of the rust – an autoecious, full‐cycled species with five spore stages – was confirmed. Urediniospores were infective between 5 and 25°C, with an optimum at 15°C. A minimum of 8 h dew period was required to achieve consistent infection. Based on a pest risk assessment, the rust poses no threat to native biodiversity within EU Member States; making P. komarovii var. glanduliferae a suitable candidate as the first fungal classical biocontrol agent against an exotic weed in the region.

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Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae var. nov.: a fungal agent for the biological control of Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Do local enemies attack alien and native Impatiens alike?

Do local enemies attack alien and native Impatiens alike?

Weed biological control in the European Union: from serendipity to strategy

First release of a fungal classical biocontrol agent against an invasive alien weed in Europe: biology of the rust, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae

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