Pull environment of migration in the EU countries: Migration vector from Ukraine

Abstract

The growing Ukrainian migration towards EU countries determines the need for evaluation of pull factors shaping their environment to regulate these processes better. The study aims to assess the EU’s pull environment attracting migrants, and evaluate the elasticity of Ukrainian total and labor migration to the change of social and economic factors in EU countries. The data are collected for the period from 2005 to 2018. The method involves weighting the indicators and sub-indices with the following calculating partial and integral indices of the pull environment of migration for selected EU countries (the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain) and the EU-28. During 2005–2018, the integral level of pull environment of migration in the EU-28 was above average, whereas the most attractive countries for external migrants were Germany, the Czech Republic, Spain, and Italy. In terms of the intensity of total migration from Ukraine in 2018, Poland (236.06 departures per 1,000 Ukrainians), Hungary (73.6), Germany (12.6), and Italy (7.3) are among the main destinations. While the intensity of Ukrainian migration is high, its growth rate depends on the time lag (different elasticities in the medium and long run). The integral analysis of the pull environment has a practical value allowing to conduct migration intensity and elasticity evaluation, as well as the cross-country pull-factor analysis (pull strength) for substantiating the improvement of regulatory and methodological provisions of migration policies for both Ukraine and the hosting EU states. AcknowledgmentThe study has been conducted within the framework of applied research “Mechanisms of the proactive policy for reducing social vulnerability of the population (based on the Carpathian region of Ukraine)” (M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Reg. No. 0121U112014, 2021–2023).

From Ukraine to the World: Using LinkedIn Data to Monitor Professional Migration from Ukraine

“…The current challenge lies in ethically and constructively integrating slow yet reliable data from authoritative sources with more volatile, easily accessible data. Leveraging on traditional macrodata from the European Statistical Office and national statistics, Mulska et al [30] highlighted the migration patterns of Ukraine's population after the aggravation of the political situation due to the Russian aggression of 2014. They further showed how several European countries introduced active policies to attract foreign labor in particular student-age populations.…”

“…The phenomenon of migration from Ukraine to other European countries, in particular for employment reasons, is not new [21,30]. The 2014 conflict in Ukraine resulted in a protracted and devastating crisis that significantly impacted various aspects of the nation's social, economic, and political landscape.…”

Розвиток Демографічного Потенціалу Карпатського Регіону України У Проекції Високої Міграційної Мобільності Молоді

“…[9; 10; 11], М. Скрипниченка, С. Шумської [12], Садової У.Я. [13] і у яких підкреслюється залежність економічного зростання від рівня людського потенціалу країни, котрий в умовах вітчизняної економіки стрімко скорочується внаслідок посилення зовнішньої міграції населення.…”

Social and economic determinants of post-war re-emigration

“…Some EU countries have shown interest in socializing Ukrainian migrants. The reason for this was the reduction in the number of the population due to the decrease in birth rates, and therefore they tried to solve this problem thanks to external migrants [22]. Germany has established the highest payments for Ukrainian citizens fleeing the war among the EU countries, and Poland has increased the number of vacancies in those industries where the employment of Ukrainian citizens was the most noticeable.…”